180 
ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KAS'MlR. [Extra No. 2, 
carved slabs built into the chief Ziarat of the place attest its antiquity. 
A short distance above S'angas we come to another old place. It is the 
present village of VntHus which on the authority of the same glossator 
and the name itself we can safely identify with Kalhana’s TJtrasa . 1 
Uccala and Sussala in their flight from Harsa’s coart found a tem¬ 
porary refuge with the Damara who resided there. 
Turning back to the west we find in the middle of the valley the 
village of Khondur. An old gloss enables ns to identify it with the 
ancient Skandapura mentioned by Kalhana as an Agrahara of King 
Gopaditya. 2 * More important is Ach°bal , a large village at the west foot 
of the ridge which lines the Kut a liar Pargana from the south. It is 
mentioned in the Chronicle under the name of Aksavala. The beauti¬ 
ful springs of the place have often been described since Abu-l-Fazl’s 
time* also by Bernier. 8 The park around them was a favourite camping 
ground of the Mughal court. The Nllamata calls the spring Aksi- 
j palanaga. 
113 . The Kut a har Pargana is adjoined on the south by the dis- 
_ _ _ . trict of Bring which coincides with the valley 
Pargana of Bring. , -r . ° , T , ., \ 
or tne Bring stream. Its old name cannot 
be traced; the Lokaprakasa transcribes the modern designation by 
Bliynga. 
At the western end of the Pargana and about 5 miles to the south¬ 
west of Ach a bal is the village of Ldk a bcivcin which an old gloss identifies 
with the Lokaponya of the Rajatarangini. 4 * The numerous passages 
which mention the place agree with this location. The name Lok a bavan 
applies also to the fine Naga adjoining the village, and this explains 
the second part of the present name -bavan (Skr. bhavana ). 6 * King 
Lalitaditya is said to have built a town here. A small garden-palace 
erected in Mughal times near the spring is partly constructed of old 
materials. 
Ascending the Bring valley we come again to an old site at the 
large village of Bid a r. It is certainly the Bhedara of Kalhana who 
notices here a wealthy Agrahara of King Baladitya. 6 A ruined mound 
in the village and some old sculptures at the neighbouring Brahman 
village of Hangalgund are the only ancient remains now above ground. 
1 Compare vii. 1254. 
8 See Rajat. i. 340. 
5 Compare Rdjat. i. 338. In the translation of the Am-i-Akb. the name appears 
as ‘ Acch Dal’, ii. p. 358 ; see Bernier, Travels , p. 413. 
♦ See Rdjat. iv. 193 note. 
6 See above, § 111, 
6 Rdjat. iii. 481, 
