18(5 
ANCTENT GEOGRAPHY OF KA^MTR. 
[Extra No. 2, 
Pantsal Pass makes it unnecessary for us to proceed now further in 
this direction. Descending, then, by the Rembyar?' we come on its left 
bank to the village of Degam situated about one and a half miles to the 
west of S'upiyan. It is the Degrama of the RajatarahginI and the site 
of the Kapalamocana Tirtha. 1 A t the spring of the latter S'iva is 
supposed to have cleaned himself from the sin attaching to him after 
the cutting-off of Brahman’s head ( kapala ). The Tirtha is old, because 
the Haracaritacintamani mentions it twice. 2 There are but few ancient 
remains at the sacred site, and the extant Mahatmya is evidently not 
of old date. It calls the village by the name of Dvigrdma and knows 
the modern S'upiyan by the name of Surpdyana. 
117. The villages which lie at the foot of the pine-clad spurs 
descending into the valley west and north-west of S'upiyan, formed until 
recent times a small distinct Pargana known as Suparsamun. Abu-1- 
Fazl mentions it (Soparsaman), but I am not able to trace it in our 
older texts. 
To the north of this tract and of Bot extends the Pargana of Suhru. 
Its old name is unknown. Here at the foot 
of the hills, we have the ancient Kalyanapura, 
represented by the present village of Kalampor, situated 74° 54' long. 
33° 48' lat. It was founded by Kalyanadevi, a queen of Jayapida. 3 4 * 
Being on the high road from the Pir Panteal Pass to STlnagar, it was 
repeatedly 7 the scene of battles fought with invaders from that direction. 41 
At Kalyanapura there was in Kalhana’s time the splendid country- 
seat of a powerful Damara. 6 The large village of Drdb a gdm , some three 
miles north of Kalampor, is mentioned as Drabhagrama by S'rivara, 
along with Kalyanapura, in the description of a battle which was fought 
between the two places. 6 
High up in the valley of the Birnai stream which debouches at 
Drab a gam from the south-west, is the site of 
an ancient Tirtha which though now completely 
forgotten must have ranked once amongst the most popular in Kasmlr. 
In Kalhana’s introduction there is named, along with Trisamdhya, 
Svayambhu, S'arada and other famous sites, “ the hill of Bheda ( Bheda - 
giri) sanctified by the Gangodbheda spring.” There the goddess Sarasvati 
Kalyanapura. 
Tirtha of Bheda. 
1 Compare Rdjat. vii. 266. 
2 See Haracar. x. 249 ; xiv. 111. 
3 See Rdjat. iv. 483 note. 
4 See Rdjat. viii. 1261 sqq .; S'riv. iv. 466 sqq. 
6 See Rdjat. viii. 2348 sqq. 
® ® ee iv. 467. For a miniature temple extant at Drab a gam, compare 
Bishop Cowie’s note, J. A. S. B., 1866, p. 117. 
