188 
ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KAS'MlR. [Extra No. 2, 
Returning' once move to the plain we have yet to notice two other 
old localities of S'ukru. Bilau (map ‘ Belloli *) about four miles north¬ 
east, of Drab a gam is probably the ‘ village of Bilava ’ once mentioned 
by Kalhana. 1 Within a mile of it lies the village Suntsamil which we 
may safely identify with the Suvarnasanura of the RajataranginI, in 
view of the resemblance of the names and the repeated mention of the 
latter place together with Kalyanapura. 2 
118. East of S'ukru towards the Vitasta stretches the Pargana of 
S'avur (map ‘Showra’). The earlier form of 
Districts of Savur name cannot be traced. Its northern part 
and Chrath. . # - . , 
is formed by the alluvial plateau known as the 
Naunagar TJdar. This latter is twice referred to as Naunagara in 
Kalhana’s Chronicle. 3 The village of Payer which lies at the foot of 
the Udar at its north-western end contains a well-preserved little temple 
often described by European travellers. 4 * Nothing is known regarding 
the original name of the locality. 
To the north of S'ukru we have the district of Chrath (shown by name 
on the larger survey map). It extends from the hills above Ramuh in 
a north-easterly direction to the left bank of the Vitasta. Its old name 
is restored in Pandit Sahibram’s Tlrthasamgraha as * Srirastra , but 
I do not know on what authority. Ramuh, first correctly identified by 
Prof. Buhler with Kalhana’s Ramusa , 6 is a considerable village on the 
high road from S'upiyan to S'rinagar. It is first mentioned as an 
Agrahara, founded by a queen of Tunjina I. A small spring at the 
northern end of the village, called Dhanandga, is visited as a Tlrtha 
and contains some fragments of ancient sculptures. The temple 
erected by the Brahman family of the Dars which now holds Ramuh 
as a Jagir, does not seem to mark an old site. 
A short distance to the north of Ramuh rises an alluvial plateau 
which is crossed by the road to S'rinagar. It is known as Gus ■ 
TJdar , from the village of Gus situated at its eastern foot, about two 
miles from Ramuh. The place is mentioned as Gusika in STivara’s 
1 See Rdjat. vii. 1016. 
2 See Rdjat. vii. 1519 note; sun % ‘gold’ is the regular Ks, derivative of Skr. 
suvarna. 
3 See Rdjat. vii. 358. 
* Compare, e.g., Cunningham, J. A. S. B., 1848, pp. 254 sqq. I am unable to 
explain why the place figures in all European accounts as Payech, Pa Yech, etc. 
Vigne, ii. 41, first uses this form which is locally quite unknown, and does not fail 
to explain it by one of his naive etymologies. 
6 Rdjat. ii. 55; Report, p. 7. Medial s becomes in Ks. regularly h ; comp. 
Katlmusa > Kaimuh , Khonamusa > KhunOmoh , etc. 
