1899.] 
SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF MADAVARAJYA. 
189 
Chronicle which also knows the plateau by the name Gusikodtjara. 1 
At the other end of Chrath towards the Vitastfi lies the large village 
of Batanpor, 75° 1' long. 33° 55' lat., which in all probability represents 
the Ratnapura of the Rajatarahgini. 2 3 The latter was founded in 
Kalhana’s time by Queen Ratnadevi who also constructed there a fine 
Matha. 
With Chrath may be mentioned two localities on the left bank of 
the Vitasta though in recent times they were counted with the riveraine 
Pargana of Sairu-l-MawazF Bala. Gur i pfir ) a small village opposite 
to the foot of Mount Vast a rvan, is identified by an old gloss with 
Gopalapura which, according to Kalhana, was founded by Queen Sugan- 
dha (a.d. 904-6). s 
Lower down on the river is the large village Kak^por which forms 
as it were the riverside station or port for g'upiyan. A note from the 
hand of Pandit Rajanaka Ratnakantha who wrote about the middle 
of the 17th century the Codex Archetypus of the Rajataraiigini, identi¬ 
fies Utpalapura with Kak?p5r. 4 * Utpalapura was founded by Utpala, 
an uncle of King Cippata-Jayapida, in the early part of the 9th century. 
If this identification is correct, one of the ruined temples extant at 
Kak^por and noticed already by Gen. Cunningham, may be the shrine 
of Visnu TJtpalasvamin mentioned by Kalhana in connection with the 
foundation of Utpalapura. Jonaraja also knows the latter place and 
records a late restoration of its Visnu temple. 6 
119. North of Chrath we come to the district of Nagam which is 
one of considerable extent. Its old name 
Distncte^of Nagam Nagrama is often mentioned in the later Chro¬ 
nicles. 6 The only old locality which I can 
trace in it, is the village of Ar l gdm, situated 74° 45' long. 33° 56' lat. 
It is the Hadigrama of Kalhana, mentioned as an Agrahara of Gopa- 
ditya and as the scene of several fights in the Chronicler’s own time. 7 
1 S'riv. iv. 532, 465, 592 sqq.; -udddra is the Skr. original of the Ks. term udar> 
see Rdjat. note viii. 1427. 
2 See Rdjat. viii. 2434. 
3 See Rdjat. v. 244 note. 
4 See Rdjat. iv. 695 note. The learned copyist’s note is in a copy of the 
Ksetrapdlapaddhati seen by me in 1895 in the possession of a Kasmlr Brahman resident 
at Lahore. 
3 See Jonar. (Bo. ed.) Ill sqq., 369, 1142. 
3 Compare Jonar. (Bo. ed.) 661; S'riv. ii. 10; iii. 24, 430; iv. 349; Fourth 
Chron. 258, etc. 
1 See Rdjat. i. 340 note. The old glossator on this passage renders Hadigrama 
correctly by Adegrdm. 
