192 
ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KASHMIR [Extra No. 2, 
Rajatarangini as a place where Stupas were erected by King Asoka. 1 
I have not visited the village myself and am lienee unable to say 
whether there are any remains in the vicinity which could be attributed 
to Stupas. Kalhana locates at S'uskaletra the fierce battle in which 
King Jayapida recovered his kingdom. 
West of Dunts and towards the mountains of the Pir Pantsal lies 
the Pargana of Biru. Its old designation Bahurupa is derived from the 
spring of that name which is situated at the present village of Biru, 
74° 39' long. 34° 1' lat., and is already referred to as a Tirtlia in the 
Nilamata. 2 Abu-1-Fazl knows the village and spring by an intermediate 
form of the name, Biruwa , and mentions the miraculous power of the 
spring to heal leprosy. 3 Close to the village of Biru is Sun a pah in 
which we may, with an old glossator of the Rajatarangini, recognize 
Suvarnaparsva, an Agraliara of Lalitaditya. 4 * ' 
About four miles to the south-west of Biru we reach Khag , a 
considerable place. It is undoubtedly the Khagi or Khagika men¬ 
tioned by Kalhana as an Agraliara both of King Khagendra and of 
Gopaditya. 6 
Some miles north of Kliag an isolated spur known as Poskar 
projects into the level plain from the slopes of the Pir Pantsal Range. 
At its eastern foot is the Puskaranaga , referred to as a Tirtha in the 
Nilamata and several older Mahatmyas, and still the object of a regular 
pilgrimage. 6 Of the route which leads down into Biru from the Tos? 1 - 
maidan Pass, and of Karkotadranga, the watch station on it, we have 
already spoken above. 
Biru and Dunts are adjoined on the north by the Pargana of 
MancMhdm which extends eastwards as far as the Yitasta. It is 
probably intended by the name of Maksasrama found in a single passage 
of S'livara and in the Lokaprnkasa. 7 The village of Ratvsun, situated 
74° 38' long. 34° 4' lat., is probably, as indicated by an old gloss, the 
1 Compare Rdjat. notes i. 102; iv. 473; Ks. Eukh^lit^r is the direct phonetic 
derivative of the Skr. form. 
2 See Nilamata, 948, 1180, 1341 sq. The name Bahurupa is given to the tract 
by Jonar. (Bo. ed.) 286, 840; S'riv. ii. 19, iii. 159 ; iv. 620, and ought to have been 
shown on the map. 
3 Ain-i-Alcb., ii. p. 363. 
4 See Rdjat. iv. 673. 
3 Compare Rdjat. i. 90, 340. 
8 See Nilamata , 1021, 1347. There were several other Puskara TTrthas in 
Kasmir. One was connected with the Suresvari pilgrimage and probably situated 
in Phakk. ; see S'arvdv. v. 56 sqq. 
7 See S'riv. iv. 351. 
