1899.] 
SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF KRAMARAJYA. 
197 
Descending by the left bank of the Vitasta for about five miles 
Jayapura below Sliad^ur, we approach the site of king 
Jayapida’s capital, the ancient Jayapura . 1 It 
is marked by the present village of And^rkoth. This consists of two 
distinct parts. One lies on an island in the marshes opposite Sambal and 
the other facing the former on the strip of land which separates these 
marshes from the Vitasta. On the island there are conspicuous remains 
of ancient temples which have been first examined and described by 
Prof. Bidder. 2 They are attributed by the local tradition to King 
j Jayapid.’ The identity of And^rkoth with King Jayapida’s town is 
also well-known to the Srinagar Pandits. As Shivara still uses the term 
Jayapura or Jayapldapura for the designation of the present AmDrkoth, 
we can easily understand the survival of the tradition. 
Kalhana’s description of the town indicates clearly the situation 
of the latter and also accounts for its modern name. Jayaplda accord¬ 
ing to this notice had the castle ( kotta ) of Jayapura built in the middle 
of a lake, after having the ground required for it filled up, as the legend 
asserts, by the help of Raksasas. There he constructed a large Vihara 
with Buddha images, a temple of Kesava (Visnu), and several other 
shrines ; other sacred structures were erected by his ministers. Besides 
Jayapura the king built on ground recovered from the lake another 
place, called Dvaravati, in imitation of Krsna’s famous town by the 
sea-shore. Kalhana notes that in his own time Jayapura was popularly 
designated as the ‘Inner Castle’ (abhyantara kotta) while Dvaravati 
was known as the ‘ Outer Castle * (bahya kotta). 
The present name AndArkoth (from Skr. * Antarakotta) is the direct 
derivative of this popular designation of Jayapura. It has in the course 
of time been extended also to the site on which originally Dvaravati 
stood. In my note on the passage I have shown that Jayapura must be 
identified with the island portion of And^rkoth, while the remains in 
that part of the village which lies on the lake shore opposite, belong to 
Dvaravati. These remains are far less extensive than those on the 
island. This is in full agreement with the fact that Kalhana men- 
1 For a detailed note on the position of the twin towns Jayapura-Dvaravati, 
see Rdjat. iv. 501-511. For a map showing the site on a larger scale refer to Note 
I, v. 97-100. 
2 See Report, pp. 13 sqq. where the topography and ruins of And^rkdth are 
described in detail. General Cunningham had already heard of the identity of 
And^rkoth with Jayapida’s town hut he does not seem to have visited the place ; 
Anc. Geogr., p. 101. Owing to the erroneous location of Parihasapura on the right 
bank of the Vitasta opposite Sambal, there is a good deal of confusion in his notes 
on the two capitals. 
