08 
L. A, Waddell —Place and River-Names in Sikhim, 8fc. [Wo. 2, 
Tuk-la (. Ang . Tukola) = ytug, to tear or pluck off. Tradition 
states that the Pass was created by Guru Rimbochhe tearing 
off a portion of the rock to hurl at a demon who infested a lake 
in the vicinity to the annoyance of passengers. 
Du-la = 6dud (pr. du) a demon. ‘ The devil’s pass 
'■O 
Ku-chak la (Ang. Quiche) is said to be derived from ku a lock, or 
hug crooked = ‘ the locked pass.’ It is a difficult snow-locked 
pass. 
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Ro-bang la (Ang. Rabong) = X.* ro, a carcase + bang, a 
grave. In the pass is an old mendong grave-cairn. 
La-chhen = la + chhen, ‘ the great pass.’ The longest pass into 
Sikhim from the Tsang province of Tibet. 
La-chhung = la + chhung, small. * The short pass ’ from Tsang 
into Sikhim. 
NAMES OF GOMPAS OR MONASTERIES. 
Sikhim having derived its Buddhism and civilization from Tibet, its 
monasteries mostly bear Tibetan names and these usually of an ideal or 
mystic nature. The word dgon-pa, pronounced gompa literally 
means ‘ a hermitage,’ and the oldest monasteries were, and many of them 
(e. g., Dub-de, Sang-nga-chho-ling, Pema-yang-tse, &c.,) still are situ¬ 
ated in solitary places; but around some of the others, villages 
have gradually sprung up, and those of the most recent ones have 
been founded within villages from which they take their name, which 
in such cases is usually of Lepcha origin, e. g ., Ram-tek, Ling-tarn. 
Dub-de = sgrub (pr. ‘dub,’) a hermit’s cell + ST sde, a 
place. ‘ The place of the hermit’s cell ’—the oldest monastery 
in Sikhim founded by the pioneer missionary Hla-tsun Chhen-bo. 
Sang-nga-chho-ling (Ang. Sangacliiling) </sang, secret or 
occult, 4- ^^IN’ sugars, spell or magic + dbN’ chhos reli- 
C\ 
gion + ajcy gling, a place. ‘The place of the occult mystic 
religion.’ A. catholic Buddhist monastery open to all classes, 
including deformed persons, nuns, Lepchas and Limbus. 
Pema-yang-tse (Ang. Pemiongchi) = MV padma (pr. ‘pema’) 
a lotus + yang, perfect or pure + rtse, the highest 
‘ the monastery of the sublime perfect lotus ( -born one, i. e., 
Padma Sambhava ).’ A monastery open only to pure, celibate, # 
# This condition is now satisfied by disallowing the residence of priests’ wives 
within the precincts of the monastic establishment. 
