117 
1891.] Karl Marx— Documents relating to the history of Ladakh. 
along with the city, 16 and then conquered Hga-ris-skor-sum 17 complete¬ 
ly. He ruled in accordance with the Faith. 
His three sons were: Llia-ch’en-pal-gyi-gon, 18 Ta-shis-gon, the 
second, Lde-tsug-gon, the youngest. He gave to each of these three 
sons a separate kingdom, 19 viz., to (I) Pal-gyi-gon : his dominions were 
Mar-yul, the inhabitants using black bows, in the east, Ru-t’og and the 
gold mine of Gog, 20 nearer this way Lde-cli’og-kar-po, 21 at the frontier 
Ra-wa-mar-po, 22 Wam-le 23 and to the top of the pass of the Yi-mig- 
rock ; 24 to the west, the foot of the Kashmir pass 26 from the cavernous 
stone 26 upwards hither; 27 to the north, 23 to the gold mine of Gog : all 
the districts included (within these limits). To Ta-shis-gon, (his) 
16 iOJ'V does not necessarily mean a large city, bnt rather a village connect¬ 
ed with a royal palace (e. g., Ting-gang, now Ting-mo-gang, near Nyur-la, is called a 
bnt is merely a village.) 
17 Nga-ris-kor-sum usually includes the districts of Ru-t’og, Gu-ge and Pu-rang 
only. Here, however, it seems to include all Ladakh, Zangs-kar etc. as well. 
15 Lha-ch’en is an epithet usually applied to the eldest son only, and may mean 
‘ the heir-apparent ’ ; it is not a component part of the name, as it may be omit¬ 
ted (see 3 lines further down). It droped out of use from the time of Ts’e-wang-nam- 
gyal (XX). (Comp. Lha-gchig = ‘ princess.’) 
19 All the three kings are included under the term (Gyalr. s. m.) : *jy<jp 
the three Lords of the Uplands.’ 
20 Gog, not known. East and North seem to be quarters of heaven not definitely 
fixed in Ladakh geography. Here, Gog may be east or north j at some other 
place Ngam-ring is said to be east or north of Ladakh. Now Ngam-ring is known 
to be a place on the road to Lhasa, 21 marches this side of this city, and hence 
cannot possibly be to the north, but is to the west of Ladakh. An explanation, how 
this confusion came about, I am at a loss to give. 
21 Q]Vlr sa kl to be by Ta-shis-stan-p’el = |jy|5' ‘ of the district lower 
down.’ Lde-ch’og-kar-po = Dem-ch’og of the maps (Turk.). Near the frontier and 
on the river Indus. 
22 Not known. 
23 Wam-le = Han-le, famous for its magnificent Lamasery (picture in Cunning¬ 
ham, Ladakh). 
24 = Imis-La (map of Turk.), at the foot of which the Han-le stream has its 
source. 
25 i. e., the Zoji-la or Zoji-bal. 
26 Not known. 
27 To Ladakh people : ‘ going in the direction of Lha-sa ’ is ‘ going up,’ ‘ coming 
away from there ’ is equal to ‘ going down .’ (Comp, the word nby in Hebrew.) 
Hence 3JYd&y always means, ‘away from Lha-sa, down to here’ = ‘downwards 
hither;’ ^Yd&y and gdj’d&y : ‘going from Purig or any place west of Ladakh, 
Lha-sa direction, as far as Ladakh ’ *= ‘ upwards hither.’ 
23 See note 20. 
