118 Karl Marx— Documents relating to the history of Ladakh. [No. 3, 
second (son), he gave : Gu-ge, Pu-rang, Tse, 29 etc. To Lde-tsug-gon, 
(bis) youngest (son), be gave : Zangs-kar-go-sum, 30 Spi-ti, Spi-lchogs, 31 
etc. 
Pal-gyi-gon, the eldest, bad two sons : (II) Do-GON and Ch’os-gon. 
The son of Do-gon was : (III) Lha-ch’en-dags-pa-lde. 
His son was: (IV) Lha-ch’en-jang-ch’ub-sem-pa. 
His son was : (Y) Lha-cii’en-gyal-po. As to the reign of this king : 
he built the Lamasery of Lu-k’yil 32 and caused a brotherhood of Lamas 33 to 
settle down (there). He provided for a long time, with untiring (zeal), 
the recluses 34 that lived in the neighbourhood of the Kailasa and the 
three lakes" 6 with the necessaries of life; when they were numerous 
(there were) about five hundred, when few, one hundred. 
His son was: (VI) Lha-ch’en-ut-pa-la. As to the reign of this 
king : after having united the forces of Upper and Lower Ladakh he in¬ 
vaded Nyung-ti. 36 Tbe king of Nung-ti bound himself by oath, so long as 
the glaciers of the Kailasa will not melt away, or the Manasarovar lake 37 
dry up, to pay tribute and dues 38 (to the king of Ladakh), (viz.) Dzo 39 
29 Not known. 
3° Go-sum, ‘ 3 doors,’ may refer to the 3 valleys that join at the central part of 
Zangs-kar. 
31 Spi-ti, well-known distinct within British territory. As to Spi-lchogs I would 
venture to suggest, that Lahoul may be meant by this term. This district would 
have well rounded off his dominions and would have been the connecting link 
between Zangs-kar and Spi-ti. B MS., however, relating to the present century, 
has Gar-zlia, the usual Tibetan name for Lahoul. 
32 Sclil.’s ed. and mlgo : Li-kyir (Survey Map : Likir), a village on the upper road 
from Leh, or rather from Bazgo, to Nyurla (Snurla) and Ka-la-tse (Khalsi). This 
name would suggest (as well as the name of Lama-ynrru, Yurru being = Yung-dung 
= Svastika) that, as in Tibet so also in Ladakh, the Bon religion at one time was 
prevalent, of which the worship of the Lu (Nagas) and of the Yung-dung, and the 
idea of a Bon, i. e., summum bonum, seems to have formed the most important 
elements. (This is borne out by the contents of a volume on the Bon religion, 
which was recently placed at my disposal). 
33 but = Lamasery. 
34 Z4’ ‘ those who exert themselves to obtain *4' (Arhatship).’ 
"■si) 
35 The maps know of two lakes only. But there is a possibility that the 
Kailasa counts as one and, with the 2 lakes, makes up 3 separate places. 
36 Nyung-ti = Kullu, Capital: Snltanpur. 
37 Viz., the Ma-p’am lake, the more easterly one of the two. 
33 Tib. in Jaschke’s Dictionary, but the MSS. and Schl.’s cd. unanimously 
write U’ 
39 Well-known cross-breed botween yak and cow. 
