1891.] Karl Marx —Documents relating to the history of Ladahli. 127 
rulers of all these (districts with him) as hostages 120 and placed his own 
representatives into (their) castles. All Mar-yul grew much in extent. 
Gu-ge had to pay as tribute and dues annually 300 zho 121 of gold, Ru- 
t’og 260 zho of gold in addition to 100 three years’ sheep, one riding- 
horse, 10 tanned skin-bags, and (the proceeds from the royal domains) 
of K’ar-o-ldong and Zhing-dar-ch’en-dar-ch’ung, 122 (indeed) from all 
sides they brought in tribute and dues in inconceivable quantities. 
The king then came to consider: £ My ancestors have, on the 
pattern of the T’o-lings of Lha-sa and Gu-ge, placed the bones of the 
Buddha-Elephant 123 on the Tse-mo, 12i but as the people do not go there 
on pilgrimage, or in order to worship, or to offer up sacrifices, or perform 
circumambulations, I will, instead, build a college and (in fact) estab¬ 
lish the doctrine of Buddha on a basis similar to what it was under my 
ancestor Ral-pa-chan. 125 But as his work on earth 126 was finished, he 
died. 
Upon this all the vassal-princes lifted up their heads. (XXI) Jam- 
yang-nam-GYAL reigned. As to the reign of this king: two chiefs in 
Pu-rig did not agree. He came with the Ladakh army to the assistance 
of one of them, called Ts’e-ring-ma-lig. But the time had now come, 
when the period of darkness should supervene, the period when royal 
supremacy should well nigh be destroyed. The army of ’All Mir, captain 
of the forces of Hang-gong 127 , broke forth. They met, and by dint of 
120 ZXJPj’ r (Jaschke, Diet.) ; the MSS., however, are unanimous in writing gfH’ ; 
pronunciation also : Ste-pa. 
121 1 zho of gold is stated to weigh i tolah, equivalent to almost 3 grammes. Its 
value in silver is said to correspond to about 15 to 18 Rupees This would agree 
with the British guinea.— 1 zho of gold is a price charged, e. g., for large printed 
volumes like the Do-mang, which may be had at Leh Lamasery, printed to order 
for this price. 
122 K’ar-o-ldong and Zhing-dar-ch’en-dar-ch’ung are said to be the names of two 
estates near Ru-t’og (?). 
123 Gautama Buddha in one of his births figures as an elephant. His bones are 
supposed to be the relics referred to in this passage. They were destroyed by the 
Baltis at the time of Jam-yang-n-gy. (Communication by Ta-shis-stan-p’el.) 
124i Nam-gyal-tse-mo, compare notes 100 and 101. 
125 Name of one of the ancient kings of Tibet. His proper name was : T’i-lde- 
shong-tsan. His obsequiousness to the clergy rendered him odious to the people and 
noblemen, and prepared the way for Lang-dar-ma, the apostate and suppressor of 
Buddhism. He was murdered about 840 A. D., (compare Koeppen II. 72. The 
Gyalr. s. m , in the last chapter of the book, contains a very full account of the 
story. Compare also Schl.’s ed., page 206 and his translation, page 57.) 
v, '"X 
126 It would seem far-fetched to explain this by : ‘ the work 
(karma) of a prior existence in their effects being exhausted’ as suggested by Schl. 
127 Nang-gong = ‘ central and upper i. e. districts’ viz , of Baltistan. CMS. 
replaces this term by ‘ Skardo.’ 
