133 
1891.] Karl Marx— Documents relating to the history of Ladakh. 
he gave, in the several districts that belonged to himself, estates 166 as 
well as sites for religions buildings, 167 and Stag-ts’ang-ras-cli’en, during 
the reigns of both the father Senge-nam-gyal and the son De-ldan nam- 
gyal, the father then being in his decline and the son in his prime of 
life, 163 satisfactorily completed the Lamaseries at Wamle, Ta-shis-gang, 169 
He-mi, 17 ° T’eg-ch’og, 171 etc. Thus the Law of Buddha made good pro¬ 
gress. He governed over all his dominions according to the rule of the 
ten virtues, 173 and thus (it came to pass) concerning the kingdom of 
this world, that the king was like the lion and the Lama like the tiger, 17S 
and their (united) fame encompassed the face of the earth as ‘ the lord 
and the Lama, 174 sun and moon, a pair.’ 
After this, Senge-nam-gyal bethought himself: ‘(My) uncle Ts’e- 
wang-nam-gyal (certainly) did rule (over all the country) as far as 
Ngam-rings in the east (north), but he did not live long, and during 
the reign of (my) father Jam-yang-nam-gyal all the vassal-princes 
again rose (and made themselves independent).’ 175 So he again went to 
166 Tib. ‘ a k rs t offering, earnest of land.’ 
167 Tib. ’ £}(£}’ ‘ offering site.’ 
168 Tib. d/UV ‘ decline of life,’ j^Y ‘prime of life.’ This remark shows, 
—supposing General A. Cunningham’s dates to be correct,—that Schlagintweit’s first 
calculation (in ‘ Buddhism in Tibet,’ 1863) has probably more to commend it, than 
the second one in ‘ Konige von Tibet,’ 1866.—In the former work he finds the dates 
1644 as the date of the foundation of the He-mi lamasery, 1672 as the date of the 
completion. In the latter, on the other hand, he gives 1604 as the date of the 
foundation (under Jam-yang-nam-gyal), completion at 1644.— Frima facie, it seems 
very improbable that Jam-yang-nam-gyal should have ventured upon building en¬ 
terprises on such a large scale, after the country had just recently been devastated 
by a ruthless foe. 
169 In Tibet about two marches from the frontier, on the river Indus. Map of 
Turkistan : Tashigong. 
170 Famous lamasery in Ladakh (Survey Map : Himis), about 18 miles SSE of 
Leh. The ‘ Himis-fair ’ in summer is the chief attraction to sight-seers in Ladakh. 
This lamasery is at present still the greatest land-owner in Ladakh, and its steward 
one of the most influential persons in the country. The Lamas are of the Dug-po 
order of the ‘ red ’ persuasion. 
171 Sister-lamasery to He-mi, north of the Indus, in a valley which opens out 
opposite Hemi. Che-de, vulg. Chem-re (Survey Map: Chim-ray) is the name of the 
village, to which the lamasery belongs. 
172 See Sir Monier Williams, 1. c., p. 128. 
178 Allusion to their proper names : Senge = lion, Stag — tiger. 
174 Tib. = Lama. ‘dispenser of alms’ (Jaschke, 
Diet.) i. e., = Anglo-Saxon : hlaford = Lord. 
1 75 The Tibetan text of this passage is not very clear. 
