144 
Dr. Hoernle —An instalment of the Bower Manuscript. [No. 3, 
suviraja , ‘ fermented barley-water ’ or ‘kanji,’ fl. 2 b b , (syn. sau- 
viraka). 
sthaunaiyaka , a species of plant, fl. 46 3 (perhaps a false read¬ 
ing)- 
Smarshmin , ‘ having a sound body fl. 3a l (perhaps a false read¬ 
ing)- 
Rare words : atho (for athd ), ‘ then fl. 46 B . 
at, ‘ afterwards fl. 46 3 . 
u (?), ‘ then ’, fl. 26 2 . 
ekadhyam, 1 together with fl. 26 6 . 
Marks of interpunctuation : a symbol, exactly like the old numeral figure 
‘ one ’, occurs twice, apparently as a mark of interpunctuation, on 
fl. 36 3 and 36 4 . The same symbol is also used to indicate a blank 
V 
space at the beginning of the second and last lines on fl. 16. 
In this connection, I may note, that the two signs of the Jihvamuliya 
and Upadhmaniya never occur, at least, in this portion of the manuscript. 
The introduction affords some curious historical information. 
There were ten sages living together in the Himalayas : Atreya, Harita, 
Parasara, Bhela, Ganga, S'ambavya, Susruta, Vasishtha, Karala and 
Kapya. Once the attention of Susruta was attracted by a new plant, 
— it was the lasuna or garlic —, and he went to ask information from 
a Muni named Kasiraja. This Muni is then represented as giving to 
Susruta all the medical information contained in the manuscript (see 
verses 9, 39). 
This narrative agrees in one leading point with the opening state¬ 
ment of the well-known work, known as the ‘ Susruta.’ There it is stated 
that Susruta with other sages addressed the Kasiraja* Divodasa Dhan- 
wantari in his (Himalayan) hermitage and obtained their instruction in 
medicine from him. Of the companions of Susruta seven only are 
named : Aupadhenava, Vaitarana, Aurabhra, Pauslikalavata, Karavirya, 
Gopura and Raksliita.t None of these agrees with the names given in 
our manuscript. 
* This Kasiraja is usually understood to be a title “ king of Kasi (Benares)” ; 
though, even then, it does not follow that “ the cultivation of medicine is by Susruta 
himself expressly assigned to the city of Kasi (Benares) ” (see Weber’s History of In¬ 
dian Literature, p. 269); for Susruta learned his medicine from the Kasiraja while 
the latter was living with other sages ‘ in l-etirement ’ ( dsrama ), which according to 
the usual precedents must be understood to be in the Hiinfilayas. But from the way 
in which the name Kasiraja is used in our ISIS., it seems clear that it is understood 
os a proper name of a Muni. The names Divodasa and Dhanwantari do not occur at 
all in the MS. * 
t Three of them, Aupadhenava, Aurabhra and Paushkalavata, are again named 
at the end of the fourth chapter. 
