33 
1874.] A. F. Kudolf Hoernle— Essays on the Gaurian Languages. 
modification of the Prakrit and the Mar. neuter of the Prakrit 
(^9*1); the Marathi and Hindi masculine ^^7 must be a modifica¬ 
tion of the Prakrit ^i}T. For this is the only Prakrit form, which 
would yield us a Prakrit feminine and a neuter 
This conclusion is confirmed by the fact, that Gaurian masculine bases 
in % or ^T, or ^T, and neuter bases K, etc., have an identical oblique 
form ; viz., ending in *JT in Marathi, in y in Hindi, Bangali, Sindhi, and in 
in Gujarati, Marwari, Naipali. For as the oblique form is identical with 
the Prakrit organic genitive, and as masculine and neuter bases of identical 
final sound have identical genitives, it follows that Gaurian masculine bases 
in ^t, etc., and neuter bases in etc., must have the same oblique form, 
if they are derived both from an identical Prakrit base. Now they have 
an identical oblique form, hence they must be derived from an identical 
base. As regards the neuters in \ , etc., it has been shown that their 
(Prakrit) base must be one in ; hence the base of masculine 
nouns in ^T, etc., must also be one terminating in ( — ^^r). E. g., 
(masculine) and (neuter) have both the oblique form ; the 
latter represents the Prakrit form which is the genitive singular of 
both (masculine) and (neuter). As is the original of 
it only remains that must be the original of 
The termination is not the only modification of the Prakrit 
termination As a rule, when Prakrit has a hiatus, as in the case of 
Gaurian either inserts the semivowel \ or \, or makes sandhi. I 11 
Hindi both alternatives occur ; but the insertion of a semivowel is confined 
to Low Hindi and old Hindi, while the High Hindi knows only the sandhi 
form. Probably in other Gaurian languages, the forms with inserted 
semivowels may also be found. In Low Hindi, forms of both kinds occur ; 
such as insert the semivowel ^ and such as insert the semivowel "sj. The 
-s. 
former, as far as I know, occur only in Ganwari, and, probably, in all Low 
Hindi dialects of its class. But there they are very common ; of every mas¬ 
culine noun in ^ or ^EfT a bye-form in may be formed. E. g., we may say 
in Ganwari or heat, ijrsr or iir^T horse, and so forth. The two 
forms and zees formally identical; simply because they are both 
derived from a formally identical Prakrit base ; viz. Sanskrit sw becomes 
in Prakrit or and these become in Gaurian and srnTTT resp.; 
Sanskrit becomes in Prakrit inurin', and this becomes in Gaurian 
either by sandhi ih'S'T, or, by insertions of \, in^^T. The Prakrit words 
and irre% have a formally identical base ; viz. and formed 
by the affix ; hence they are also formally identical in Gaurian eirtct and 
^RT^T. These ampler bye-forms generally convey the sense of definiteness 
or contempt ; and in erotic poetry also of affection ; as in the following 
Baiswari verses of Akhtar : 
E 
