1874'.] R. C. Ross —Annals of 1 Oman.—Notes to Book II. 
189 
assisted by tlie Julandaites ‘Abd and Jeifar and other Azdites, succeeded in quelling the 
rebellion. In a great battle fought at Daba (vide note 3), ten thousand rebels fell, and 
many were carried into captivity. It is stated that ‘Otliman-bin Abul-Asi was appointed 
governor of ‘Oman and el-Bahrain by Abu-Bekr, and that he defeated and slew a Persian 
commander named Zohrak at Towwaj. In Mr. Badger’s Introduction to the ‘Imams and 
Sayyids of ‘Oman,’ when these events are summarized, it is stated that ‘Othman was 
appointed by ‘Omar (the successor of Abu-Bekr). For incidental notices of the history 
of ‘Oman at this period many Arabian authors may be consulted, amongst them Nawawi* 
Ibn-Sa‘d, Ibn-Koteiba, Beladzon, Abu-Ja‘far’s Tarikli-el Muluk. 
5 (p. 119'.) The Nizariyeh as opposed to the Yemenites. For explanation of the 
term vide Note 27 to-Book I. 
6 (p. 120.) The Desert Country. . It may also be read “ within three days’ march” 
of “ el-Balka’ah.” The latter word, however, means waste, uninhabited land. Probably 
the country west of Bereymi is meant. 
7 (p. 120.) Maskat. In this part of the “ Keshf ul-Ghiunmeh” the name is spelt 
whilst in later books it is spelt (maskad). 
8 (p. 120.) Julfar. The Persian name for the town on the site of the modern lias- 
el-Kheimali. 
9 (p. 120.) Zenj. The inhabitants of the East African Coast. Mr. Badger thinks tills 
the most reliable record we possess of the first emigration of Arabs of ‘Oman to the east 
coast of Africa. 
i o (p. 121.) This appointment of a native of ‘Oman to the governorship appears to 
have led to the assertion of independence soon after. 
i1 (p. 121 ) The Ibadhiyeh. This is the first mention of the remarkable Ibadlu sect, 
which has from this time forward exercised so powerful an influence in ‘Oman, and which 
appears already at this early period to have become predominant there. The sect takes 
its name from ‘Abdullah-bin Ibadh, who flourished according to the author of the “ Keslif- 
ul-Ghummeh” about A. D. 685-705, but, according to the other works quoted by Badgerj 
A D. 744-749. The sect is undoubtedly an off-shoot of the Kliarijite schism. In the 
year 657 A. D., a large number of the Caliph ‘All’s followers revolted from him, and these 
received the appellation of “Ivhawarij,” i. e. schismatics, or heretics, who went forth from 
the true faith. In the following year, the Kharijites to the number of 4000 were at¬ 
tacked and cut to pieces by ‘All. Nine only escaped, of whom two reached,’‘Oman, where 
they became apparently successful propagandists of the Kliarijite doctrines, the most im¬ 
portant perhaps of which consisted in the positive rejection of the Caliphs or Imams 
‘Otlnnan and ‘All, and the assertion of the right to elect and depose their Imams. In 
this and other fundamental points ‘Abdullali-bin Ibadh simply followed the Kharijites. It 
seems probable that the people of ‘Oman were imbued with these views before the time of 
‘Abdullah-bin Ibadh, and were thus prepared beforehand to accept his teaching. In what 
manner the latter was propagated does not appear. The Ibadln doctrine as to the Imams 
may be roughly contrasted with that of the Sunnites and Shi‘ahs as follows : 
1. Sunnites accept the four successors of the prophet as true Khalifehs, or Imams, 
and the generally acknowledged representatives known to the present day, when they re¬ 
cognize the Sultan of Turkey as head of the orthodox. 
2. Shi‘ahs absolutely reject all claims to the Imamate other than those of ‘All and 
his descendants. At the present time they acknowledge no visible Imam. 
3. Ihddhis reject ‘Othman and ‘AH and curse them as infidels. They assert the 
right of true believing Muslims (themselves that is) to elect their Imams, and to depose 
them for transgressions. The persons successively elected to their Imams by the Ibadhis 
