341 F. S. Growse— The Etymology of Local Names in N. India. [No. 4, 
The few local affixes that yet remain require no lengthened notice : 
of garh , or garhi there are as many as twenty instances, viz. Nilkanthgarhi, 
a settlement of Jaesvar Thakurs ; Sher-garh, a fortress commanding the 
Jamuna, built in the reign of Slier Shah ; Chamar-garhi, a colony of the 
factious Gujar tribe ; Ahvaran-garhi; Chinta-garhi and Rustam-garhi, 
founded by Gahlot Thakurs in the reign of Aurangzeb ; Badan-garh, com¬ 
memorating Thakur Badan Sinh, father of Suraj Mall, the first Bharatpur 
Baja ; I'khu-Fath-garh, founded by one of Siiraj Mall’s officers ; Birju- 
garhi, Chinta-garhi, ’Inayat-garh, Kankar-garhi, Lal-garhi, Mana-garhi, 
Mani-garlii, Ram-garlii, Sliankar-garhi, Tilka-garhi, Bharu-garh, and Tal- 
garhi, all founded by Jats during the fifty years that elapsed between the 
establishment of their brief supremacy and the British* annexation. The 
name will probably never be used again as a local affix ; and its extreme 
popularity during one half-centurv constitutes an interesting landmark in 
Indian provincial history, as proof of the troubled character of the country, 
when no isolated habitation was thought secure unless protected by a circuit 
of wall and ditch. 
Khera, as seen in Pali-khera, Awa-khera, Pal-kliera, Aira-khera, Sar- 
kand-khera, and Sel-khera, invariably implies a state of comparative depriva¬ 
tion, which may be either of people or of land, according as it arises either 
from the emigration of the greater part of its inhabitants to some entirely 
different locality, or by the formation of a number of subordinate hamlets 
in the neighbourhood, which divide among themselves all the cultivated 
area and leave the old bazar merely as a central spot for common meeting. 
jPatti ordinarily implies a comparatively modern partition of family 
lands : thus the villages, into which the old township of Magora was divided 
by the four sons of the Tomar founder, are called after their names, Ajit- 
patti, Ghatam-patti, Jajan-patti, and Ram-patti: and similarly Bajana was 
divided b}^ the Jats into three villages known as Dilu-patti, Siu-patti and 
Sultan-patti. The other four places in the district that have this affix do 
not, however, bear out the above rule. They are Lorha-patti, Nainu-patti, 
Patti Bahrain, and Patti Sakti. Neither of these has any companion hamlet 
dating from the same time as itself; and Nainu-patti is a place of considera¬ 
ble antiquity, which long ago was split up into eleven distinct villages. 
Another word of precisely similar import is Thole. This is used in the 
Maha-ban pargana as an element in the name of five out of the six villages 
that constitute the Sonai circle, and which are called Thok Bindavani, 
Thok Gyan, Thok Kamal, Thok Saru, and Thok Sumeru. 
Klioh is an exceptional affix, which occurs only once, in Mangal-khoh, 
the name of a village on a { creek’ of the old stream of the Jamuna. 
Of Sarae as an affix we have examples in A’zamabad Sarae, Jamal-pur 
Sarae, Mai Sarae, Sarae-’Ali Khan, Sarae Daiid, and Sarae Salivahan. Only 
