348 F. S. Growse— The Etymology oj Local Names in JSF. India. [No. 4, 
only one of them in any way remarkable is Bathi. Here is the sacred 
grove of Bahula-ban, with the image of the cow Bahula, who (as told in the 
Itihas) addressed such piteous supplications to a tiger who was about to 
destroy her, that the savage beast could not but spare her life. A meld in 
her honour is still held on the fourth day of Kuwar, called 4 Bahula chatur- 
thi.’ In every other instance where the loan is a place of any celebrity, it 
has supplied the foundation for the village name, and has probably done so 
here too. Nor is the transition from Bahula-ban to Bathi at all an isolated 
one ; the change of the dental into the cerebral consonant need present no 
difficulty, for the same has occurred in the Hindi pattan 1 a town,’ and in 
murha 4 a fool’ for the Sanskrit mugdha; but the insertion of the aspirate 
is an irregularity which it is not equally easy to explain. 
A third affix which can be more appropriately noticed here than else¬ 
where, though it has a somewhat different force, is a. This implies pri¬ 
marily 4 a product’ or ‘result.’ Thns from her, the fruit tree, comes the name 
of the village Bera, an orchard of her trees ; from Naliar, a man’s name 
meaning lion, Nahra; from Parsu, an abbreviation for Parasu-ram, Parsua ; 
from Rae [Sen], Raya ; from Parameslivar Has, Pavesara ; and similarly 
Bisambhara, Dandisara, &c. 
We may now pass on to the first sub-division of class III, in which are 
included all such village names as originally were identical, without addi¬ 
tion or alteration of any kind with the names borne by the founders : 
though the original identity, it must be remembered, is no guarantee against 
subsequent corruption. One of the earliest examples in the distinct is afford¬ 
ed by the village Son, which is said to have been the capital of a Raja Son 1 — 
or more probably Solian—Pal, a Tomar Thakur from Delhi. Sonkh, Sonsa, 
and Sonotli, all three places in the immediate neighbourhood, would also 
seem to be named after him and to prove that he was an historical personage 
of at least considerable local importance. Another interesting illustration 
which must also be of early date, is found in the name Dliam Sihha. Here 
Dham, which is the obsolete Prakrit form of dharma and is not understood 
at the present day, runs a great risk of being altered by people who aim at 
correctness but lack knowledge, into the more intelligible word dhan. In 
modern times this style of nomenclature has been so prevalent that a single 
Pargana—Maha-ban—supplies us with the following examples, viz. Birbal, 
Gaju, Misri, Bhura, Suraj, Baru, Rausanga, Nauranga, Mursena, Bansa, 
Bhojua, Bhima, and Sur. Of these, Rausanga for Rdp Sinlia would scarcely 
have been recognizable but for the aid of local tradition. Occasionally, the 
names of two brothers, or other joint founders, are combined, as we see in 
Sampat-jogi, Cliura-hansi, Bindu-bulaki, and Harnaul. The latter is a cu¬ 
rious contraction for Harna Navala; and as 4 the swing’ is one of the popular 
institutions of Braj, the word not unfrequently passes through a further 
