18 M. A. Stein — New inscriptions discovered by Major Deane. [No. 1, 
tion indicated by tlie remarks quoted above, p. 6. They lie side by side 
at the foot of a hill-spur which runs down to the right bank of the 
Swat river, about three miles above Fort Ghakdarra and quite close to 
the little hamlet of Khu sh magain. Between them and the precipitous 
river bank passes the road to Shamozai territory and Upper Swat, 
undoubtedly an important route of communication since ancient times. 
The face of both rocks is naturally smooth and thus seems to offer itself 
as a convenient place of record. 
The large marks which appear on them bear distinctly the character of 
Sgraffitti. They are cut only to a very slight depth in the hard rock, 
and form small detached groups spreading irregularly over the surface. 
Some of these little groups are now almost completely effaced. The 
careless execution of the marks makes it impossible to obtain an im¬ 
pression of them by any ordinary mechanical process. The attempt I 
made to photograph them, also failed, partly owing to the faint 
appearance of the outlines and partly on account of the glare reflected 
from the rock. For the purpose of the present publication I was, there¬ 
fore, obliged to fall back upon the impressions which Major Deane had 
originally communicated to me. 
For these we are indebted to Surgeon-Captain Dr. D. W. Suther¬ 
land, who while stationed at Chakdarra in charge of the Swat Civil 
Hospital 1895-97, had devoted a great deal of attention to the antiquities 
of the neighourhood. Dr. Sutherland, finding it impracticable to 
secure an impression in any other fashion, had carefully inked by hand 
the whole surface around what appeared to him engraved marks, and 
had taken his cloth impressions from the thus prepared surface. As he 
had carried out this process with great care and skill, the impressions of 
the several groups of Sgraffitti prepared by him can be accepted as very 
accurate eye-copies of what can still be distinguished with any certainty. 
On Plate VII. I have shown the groups Nos. 55-57 approximately in 
the relative positions which they occupy on the rock to the right. The 
Sgraffitti visible on the left rock are reproduced in the same way in Nos. 
58-60. 
# 
During the time which has passed since the above paper was 
written, Major Deane has continued with equal zeal and success the 
collection of epigraphical remains from the interesting regions which lie 
within the sphere of his influence. The number of inscriptions in un¬ 
known characters since secured by him, including those obtained during 
the recent expedition to Upper Swat, has gradually risen to above fifty. 
Among them is one coming from Boner which owing to the large num- 
