1898.] 
S. C. Das — Antiquity of Chittagong. 
25 
triumph, the Buddhists of Magadha kept up the use of the conical 
pointed cap. In Tibet it is called Pan-shva (pan 1 Pandit ’ and sliva in 
Tibetan ‘ a cap ’), meaning ‘ the Pandit’s cap.’ The Lamas of Tibet, who 
belong to the Mahay ana School of Magadha, use the pointed cap on al 
religious occasions. Marco Polo, the Venetian traveller, took a model of 
the Pan-shva from the grand Lama of Tibet who visited Peking at the 
invitation of the great Emperor Kublai Khan, and presented it to His 
Holiness the Pope. 
About the middle of the 10th century the great Buddhist Tantrik 
sage Tila-yogI 9 was born in Catigao. The hierarch of Magadha, 
Kara to pa, visited Catigrama and took vows from Tila-yogi. Marpa 
Lochava, the founder of the red hat school of Tibet, was a pupil of Nara- 
t5pa, and Milarapa, the renowned Siddha (saint) of Tibet, was Marpa’s 
pupil. 
In 1200 A.D. Pandit £'akya (^ribhadra of KaQmlr visited the great 
monasteries of Odantapuri and Vikrama^la. He witnessed the des¬ 
truction of those Viharas by the Turuska (Muhammadan) army and the 
wholesale massacre of the monks. He fled to a place called Jagadhala 
in Otivisa (Orissa), when further ravages were being done to Bud¬ 
dhism in Magadha by the Turuskas. Three years after, in 1203, he 
visited Tibet, and there introduced the system of initiative vow which is 
called Panchan Domgyun. Some of the Buddhist Pandits of Magadha 
fled towards Hepal, to the south-west and south, and also towards 
Arkhan 10 (Arakan), Muhad ■ (Burmah), Kamboja (Cambodia) and 
other places. From the rise of the Sena Dynasty to its downfall, when 
under the orders of Lawang Sena (probably Laksmana Sena) some 
Buddhist Bhiksus served as messengers, the country called Antara 
Videha was overrun by the Tirthikas, Mlecchas and the Turuskas. 
About this time some foolish Yogis, who were followers of the Bud 
dliist Yogi Gau-raksa, became pivaite Samnyasis. There remained only 
9 I 
I (Kdhbab Dun-dan, 33.) 
10 
a 
Q 
<0 o 
o 
r c\ 
■v 
O. 
x ^ Q 
c\ ~V"c\ c\ o c ~\ r ~\ r ~\ r 
Q ^ 
(Pagsam Jon-Zari, 112, 
J. i. 4 
