1898.] 
37 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kaqmiri Noun. 
4*5T ^ mal * sgnz® kur the daughter of the father. 
V 
qfrq mal * scms a kore, the daughters of the father. 
Moreover this genitive may even be treated as an independent base, 
and be regularly declined, with case affixes added to it. 
Thus from mol 11 , a father, the genitive masculine is *rfl% 4^ 
mal* sand “, which may be declined like a masculine noun in u-mdtra , 
with a dative 3^1 mal * sandi putshy, which can he used in¬ 
stead of the simple dative ifrf% 3^T mdli putshy. Indeed the dative 
formed from the genitive is in the case of this word the usual one, and 
the simple dative is scarcely used (ii. i. 61, 62, 63, 64). 
The following are the affixes used to form the genitive :— 
A. Masculine nouns with life which are not proper names take 
(а) in the singular, 4^ sand u , E.g., ^ 4^3 day a sgnd u , of God 
(46). 
(б) in the plural, hgnd u , E.g., dayan hand", of 
Gods (42). 
B. All feminine nouns without exception take hand u , both in 
1 w ^ . 
the singular, and in the plural. E.g., bene hand u . of the sister ; 
benan hand u , of the sisters ; xffszr pothe hand 11 , of the 
book • 4^ pothyan hand u , of the books (42). 
C. Masculine nouns without life take. 
(а) In the singular W nk u , (48) before which a is elided (i. 4), 
and i becomes y (i. 10). While when it follows u-mdtra, 
the u of uk u is elided (i. 5). E.g., dyakuk u , of a 
forehead; Jculyuh 11 , of a tree ; ^ 7*1 ddn*k tt , of a 
^ ^ S» \<Vi 
pomegranate. 
(б) In the plural, the termination is hgnd u , as above; e.g., 
” I * 
dyakan hand u , of foreheads. 
Exception—T he words son , gold, and ^3 rop, silver, take the 
termination 4 ^ sand™ in the singular, when the genitive is used in the 
'i | 
sense of ‘ composed of.’ E.g., V s * son a sand« chath a r, an umbrella 
of gold, a golden umbrella, sonuk u chath a r , would mean an 
umbrella belonging to gold,— a possessive genitive in fact (ii. i. 47). 
