44 G. A. Grierson —On the Kapmiri Noun. [No. 1, 
This form can only he used in the meaning called in Skr. nirdharanS , 
in words meaning jati, a species (including all plurals) ; yn 
guna, a quality; f3\3TT kriyd, an act; ^'Sfr samjna , an appellation; and 
means that one of several is taken. 
«rwr fanreT *tt Ywsfrr: i 
Vi x 
fa^fc<nfafrr || 
Examples:— 
Species. A Brahmana is the best amongst men. 
Quality. Amongst cows a black one gives most milk. 
Action. Amongst men who go, he who runs is the swiftest. 
Appellation. Amongst the pupils Maitra is the cleverest. See 
Siddhanta Kaumudi (Bibl. Ind. Ed.) I, 311. In all the above 
4 ‘ amongst ” means “ from among.” 
It is evident that the form can baldly ever be used except ih the 
plural. In the paradigms, singular forms are given for the sake of 
completeness, but it is doubtful if they can be Used in that number. 
Dative 2. 
According to fyvara-kaula, this form is only used to a moderate 
extent ( samdnya ) (ii. i. 63). It is in fact rarely used. It has the same 
meaning as the Dat. 1. It is formed by adding S ^putshy to the Agent, or 
(as has been explained under the head of the Instrumental) to the Agent 
case of the Genitive. Before 3W pufehy, as in the case of 
sUtin , i-matrd is fully pronounced. Thus,— 3$I putr a ptitihy, or 
3^ 3^ putr a sandi putshy. 
Ablative. 
The Ablative is formed from the Agent by adding the postpositions 
UJ3 pyath literally from on, hence, from near; nic °, from near; 
, ^ 1 f 
andr a , from among, from in (ii. i. 65). 
Thus, VTTO gdm a pya{h a , from the village; JlpaV gdmau 
pyath* from the villages; fir?{ sarpau nig a , from the serpents; 
gar a andr* drav, he came out from the house ; •TTf^r 
navi andr a drav , he came out from the boat, (65). 
