52 
G. A. Grierson —On the Kapmiri Noun. 
[No. 1, 
Similarly are declined JPS gur M , a horse ; gur u , a cow-herd; JT^T 
^ C\V£ 
gul u } a kernel, especially of the singara,; hul u , a tree. 
The final u becomes i (or y) throughout, except in the Nominative 
Singular, (30). 
If the penultimate of a masculine noun contains the vowel u , 
that u becomes 6 in all cases of the Plural except the nominative. It 
does not change in the singular, or in the nominative plural, (34). 
Thus gur 11 , a cowherd ; acc. sg. aif^r guns; nom. gur 1 , 
but acc. pi. JTT*t«r goryci7i. 
The following words in u-m'dtra are exceptions, and do not change, 
the u (35). 
kastiir u , the nightingale. 
hut u , a tree-trunk. 
^ t 
t±ilt u , an apple. 
•CnS» 
\ur n , a woman’s eating platter. 
^ clur u , a flower-bed. 
C\ ' 
nastur 11 , having a deformed nose. 
C\ ' 
Thus from hastur w , acc. pi. kasturyan. 
C\ ' C\ 
If a masculine noun ends in u-mdtrd , and has ^Tt o in the penulti¬ 
mate, this o becomes a in all cases of the singular except the nomina¬ 
tive, and throughout the plural. Moreover, this a is modified to g before 
i-matra and in the accusative singular (69, 70). Thus, «TT^T wdl u , an 
earring; acc. sg. waits; gen. sg., ivcilyuk u (from 
viol u , a father, ^ mgV sand u ); ag. sg. wgl'; mstr. sg. 
™ali sutin (here the i is not i-matra , but is fully pronounced) ; 
nom. pi. wal 1 ; acc. pi. walyan; ag. pi. ivdlyau. Simi¬ 
larly are declined itM mdl u , a father, and «TT*T hoy”, a brother; also 
masculine possessive pronouns, such as sfm mydn”, mine; ^ cyon* 
hiue ; ^ son u , our. 
