62 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kapmiri 'Noun. [No. 1, 
Note tliat when a noun ends in «ff k, ^ c, ^ ts, t, <t i or q p , these 
x 7 x • "x x N x X / 
letters are aspirated in the nom. sing. (66, 67) ; tlius — 
/"*■■* r " - . ^ • 
Nom. sg. 
but Nom. pi. r 
ffrjff krak, a loud noise. 
x ' »- 
krakh. 
X 
krak a . 
rats, abrus precatorius. ratsh. 
rats a . 
rts , a sub-caste. 
• >X •• 7 
rtsh. 
• *x •• 
i 
rts a . 
• •• — 1 
nat, trembling. 
•f 3 nath. 
• X 
nat a . 
wat , a road. 
x 7 
loath. 
X 
^TrT wat a . 
t 
^PT tsap , food. 
^pff tsaph. 
• ^PT tsap a . 
The aspiration, being at the end of a word, is barely audible, but 
it affects the preceding vowel. It only occurs in the nominative 
singular. 
This aspiration does not 
\ 
occur if a final t or ^ ts forms part 
(either the first or second member) of a compound consonant (even 
when a short a is inserted to aid pronunciation) (68) : thus; — 
- 
i 
Nom. sg. 
^rT^ - bat a c , a duck. 
NX 7 
bat a c (elsewhere spelled 
battc™, see p. 32). 
N x<\ 
bok a ts , a female 
X t x 7 
puppy. 1 
bok a ts. 
x #x 
mak a ts, an axe. 
X «x 7 
iTef^r mak a ts. 
X •■X. 
nast , nose. 
1* 
» 
nast. 
X 
Other compounds are, however, aspirated. Thus, — 
Nom. sg. 
Nom. pi. 
remp , a little. 
remph. 
remp a . 
tsamp , consolation. 
tsamph. 
tsamp a . 
The word oTT^ zam , a husband’s sister, is irregular (71). In all 
cases, except the nominative singular, it becomes affair zom , and drops 
every vowel in the terminations. Thus; acc. sg. offar zom; ag. sg. 
1 So I^vara-kaula. Mr. H. Knowles informs me that this word means the 
young of any animal. 
