1898.] 
W. Irvine — The Later Mughals (1707-1803). 
153 
The greatest blot on the life of Asad Khan and Zu-l-fiqar Khan 
is, however, the base ingratitude displayed towards Jahandar Shah. 
Even native historians do not defend this act of treachery. Jahandar 
Shah had many claims upon them for favours conferred; and he had 
placed his life in their hands. If Asad Khan had thought fit to excuse 
himself from joining any further in the prince’s fortunes, he should have 
left it open for the fugitive to seek some other refuge. But he should 
not have seized him or delivered him over to his mortal enemy to be 
killed with indignity. Apart from this harsh and fruitless act, Asad 
Khan was superior in character to the other nobles of his time. He 
did little oppression, was long-suffering, full of dignity and of a hand¬ 
some presence. He was of a correct disposition, which means, we are 
told, the showing of benevolence and sympathy to the lowly, and of 
ostentation and hauteur to your equals. His rise was rapid and un¬ 
checked, or as it is put, “ he threw without intermission double-six 
“ from the dice-box of desire.” 1 
6. Hew Officials and new Appointments. 
On the way from Agrali to Dihli, and after arrival at Dihli, many 
new appointments were made and new titles conferred. Sayyid ‘ Abd¬ 
ullah Khan (now made Nawab Qutbu-l-mulk, Yamlnu-d-daulali, 
Sayyid ‘Abd-ullah Khan, Bahadur, Zafar Jang, Sipah-salar, Yar-i- 
wafadar) became chief minister. The diwdn-i-Khalisah , or Exchequer 
Office, was given to Muhammad Baqir, Muta'mid IQian, who had been 
for a time Prince Muhammad A‘zam Shah’s lord steward, and then dlwdn , 
or comptroller of the household, to Prince Jahan Shah; the diwan-i-tan 
went to Lutf-ullah Khan, Bahadur, Sadiq, who in Bahadur Shah’s reign 
was agent at Court of Prince Jahan Shah, and in Jahandar Shah’s was 
comptroller (diwdn) to that sovereign’s eldest son, A‘azzu-d-din. Sayyid 
Husain ‘All Khan, was appointed first Bakhshi with the titles of ‘Um- 
datu-l-mulk, Amiru-l-umara, Bahadur, Firuz Jang, Sipah-sardar. g As 
the reward for the Turani betrayal of Jahandar Shah, the place of 
second bakhshi was conferred on Muhammad Amin Khan, Cm, Bahadur, 
who now became rtimadu-d-daulah, Husrat Jang. The third bakhshi 
“ people, his excuse is notorious (ma'lum). He had risen to fame and place in the 
“Dakhin; from his youth np, his training in valour had been in running after 
“ the traces of the Marathas, a tribe of cats, whose occupation is robbing and 
“ running away. He had never seen a battle between kings; had never met in 
“ battle field with tigers from the forest of valour. In brief, to stand firm in such 
“ violent contests you must be a hero.” 
• Ma’asiru-l-umara, II, 317, 318. 
3 Shiw Das, fol. 2, has Mansur Jang, which seems a mistake. 
J. i. 20 
