1898.] 
155 
W. Irvine — The Later Mu gh als (1707-1803). 
troops, or Wala-shdhi; ‘Ibad-ullali (Shari‘at-ullah Khan) created 
Muta’midu-l-mulk, Mir Jumlah, Mu'azzam Khan, Khan Khanan, 
Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang, held the office of superintendent of the Khawass , 
or attendants, and of the ahusbhhana , or privy council room. Grhulam 
‘All Khan, a wala-shahi , received the title of Zu-l-fiqar Khan, Bahadur, 
and the command of the artillery • being soon supplanted, however, 
(12th Sha‘ban 1125 H., 2nd September, 1713), by Gchaziu-d-din Khan 
(Ahmad Beg). This latter had already obtained charge of the retinue 
(jalau ), vice Islam Khan, who had held it in addition to his principal 
office of Mir Tozak. The command of the cauki-khass , or bodyguard, 
was made over to Faiz-ullah Khan, a wala-shalii. Aminu-d-dm 
Khan, Sambhall, became head of the ‘ Arz Mukarrar , or office for the 
examination and confirmation of appointments. The department of 
Branding and Mustering ( dagh,-o-tashihah ) was given to Sayyid 
Shuja‘at-ullah Khan, Barhah, sister’s son of Qutbu-l-mulk, the Wazir. 
At first Fida Khan 1 was retained, as in Bahadur Shah’s and Jahandar 
Shah’s time, as qur-begi , or head of the armoury ; but the place was 
shortly afterwards transferred to Amir Khan (Muhammad Ishaq) 2 3 son 
of the late Amir Khan; then in a few months he gave way in favour of 
IQiwaja Muzaffar, Panipati, now created Zafar Khan, Bahadur, who 
was known by the nickname of Turrah-i-baz. s The Sadarat-i-kull, or 
superintendence of charitable and religious grants, was given to Sayyid 
Afzal, who had taught Farrukhsiyar to read the quran , with the title 
of Sayyid Afzal Khan, Bahadur, Sadr Jahan. 4 
The provincial governments were next provided for. Kabul was 
left in the hands of Nasir Khan, Bahadur, Nasir Jang Kashmir was 
taken from ‘Inayat-ullah Khan, whose viansab even was cancelled, and 
1 Formerly Tahavvur Kh an, then Fida Khan, son of Salabat Khan, Khwaja 
Mir, KhwafI, (d. early in 1104 H., 1693-4), M.-ul-u., II, 742, 745. 
2 Afterwards ‘Umdatu-l-mulk, A. K., assassinated 1159 II., 1746-7. 
3 Turrah , waving ringlets, or the hanging end of a turban ; Turrah-i-bdz, ‘ a 
falcon’s crest. ’ Zafar Khan and all his men wore their turbans in the same way, 
with an end sticking out, and from this peculiarity the nickname arose. Khushhal 
Cand, 4033, explains that the Turrah were of gold and silk brocade ( badalah ), and 
were used extensively as ornaments to Zafar IQian’s equipage. In lot No. 698 in B. 
Quaritch’s catalogue, No. 161, of July 1896, there was a portrait of Rdshanu-d-daulah 
(i.e., Zafar Khan) which I inspected. It showed a rather stout and not very tall 
man, with a broad and slightly heavy face, white beard and moustache, the latter 
slightly black still at the corners of the mouth. To the band or ribbon round the 
centre of the turban was attached an ornament ( sarpec) and from it hung a long 
feather, falling backwards and ending in two small points. Perhaps this feather 
represents the Turrah-i-hdz ? 
4 MIrza Muhammad, 169. 
