1898.] 
G. A. Grierson — On Primary Suffixes in Kdgmln. 
193 
On Primary Suffixes in Kagmlrx. — By G. A. Grierson, C.I.E., 
Ph.D., I.C.S. 
[Read August, 1898.] 
These are treated in the Krdanta-prakriyd of Icvara-kaula’s Kag- 
mira-gabddmrta. They form nouns (including adjectives and participles) 
by direct accretion to verbal roots. Many of them would be properly 
classed as verbal forms. 
1. ^iT*r an. This is used to make present participles. It does not 
change for gender or number, and is added direct to the root (ix. i. 2). 1 
Thus,— 
Root. Present Participle. 
kar , do. «fna«T kar an, doing. 
boz , hear. ^faT«T bozdn , hearing. 
If the root ends in a vowel, the letter ^ w is inserted (3). Thus,— 
fa di , give. fa^TT^ diwan, giving, 
fa khi , eat. khyawan , eating, 
fa ci, drink. ' S 3TWT«T cyawdn , drinking. 
Note that all verbs ending in ^ i change i to ya , except fa ni, 
take, fa di, give, fa yi, come. 
i 
This form is frequently used adverbially (4). Thus tpn*T 
pardn, pardn, karun, coming, coming, he made it. 
This form corresponds to the Sanskrit present participle. 
2. itli. Used to form a past participle absolute or conjunc¬ 
tive participle, corresponding to the Sanskrit conjunctive participle in 
tvd , or ya (<3J tya). Thus,— 
kar , do. karith, having made. 
1 References, here, and elsewhere, to I^vara-kaula’s Kagmira-ga'bddmrta. 
J. i. 25 
