196 
[No. 3, 
G. A. Grierson —On Primary Suffixes in Kagmiri. 
5. sfj^T wol”, (fern, icajen; plur. masc. wal\ fem. 
V> 7 ' ' 
wajene) is also used to form nouns of agency. For examples, 
see below (ix. i. 28-31). 
6. grakh (fem. grakgn, vide ante, p. 34). Also used to 
form nouns of agency (ix. i. 28-31). 
These two last suffixes are really secondary ones, (see Sec. Suff. 
No. 9, 10). They are added to abstract verbal nouns, especially to 
that in un (No. 16), the un being changed to W an. Thus,— 
"SfiX Tear, make. karun , making. karanwol ®, or 
karangrdkh , a 
maker. 
TIT par, read. parun , reading. paranwol ®, or 
parangrakh. 
If the abstract noun is feminine (see No. 31?n) and ends in *r n, 
that «r n is changed to or n, 
an*T zan, (31?n) know. 3TT*f («fi«pTT^) zdn w wol u 
zdn (fem.) or 5TT5T*r zanun zdmvdl u ) or ^\n*f<r\^zananivol 11 ', 
(masc.) knowledge. or orNniTTsf zdn^grdkh, (srispn^ 
zdngralch), or «Tr?T*nTPir ' zanan- 
grdkh, a knower. 
These two suffixes can only be used with feminine abstract nouns 
when the verb expresses a condition of the body or mind. Thus or7T*T 
zan, know, expresses a condition of the mind, and therefore we can sny 
zanwol ®. But the verb graz, roar, which also has a feminine 
abstract noun (see No. 310.) TJ5T graz, cannot form grazwdl u , 
because the verb does not express a condition of the mind or body. We can 
only use the masculine abstract noun, thus, grazanwol u . 
If a root ends in T i , the X i becomes ^ y before an, and W an 
becomes ana. Thus,— 
khi, eat. TgjipfT^l kliyanxivvl ®, 
* ? an eater. 
khyanagrakh, ) 
cyanawol ®, a drinker. 
ft ci y drink. 
