1898.] G. A. Grierson— On Primary Suffixes in Kdgmiri . 
397 
Exceptions are,— 
fa ni, take. 
fa di, give, 
fa yi , come. 
7 . nal. 
8 . lal. 
9 . al , ^ It 
These three are used as follows with the roots fa di and dav 
in special senses, all obscene. Thus,— 
faif^r dinaly an unchaste woman. 
irr^faipsr mdjedinal, “ mdtrgdmi ; ” 5SJ«Tfa*r^! behedinal y “ svasrgami” 
*tftfafa*TO koridinal, “ kanyagami.” 
*tt^fa^l majedilal , “ mdtrgdmi.” 
dawal, an unchaste woman. 
in^T^PsT majedawal , “ mdtrgdmibenedawal , “ svasr - 
garni)” ^frffaT^t koridawal , &c. 
^I^fat^ majedil , “ mdtrgdmi ,” &c. (ix. i. 32-35). 
faif^far nmaicol ®, or fasrain nma - 
* 
grakh , a taker. 
fasret^j dinawbl ®, &c., a giver, 
fawt^l yinawol ®, &c., a comer. 
10. ^ * (fern. ®; plur. masc. ^ *, fern. e). This is the termi¬ 
nation of past participles. This form is now, however, always used as a 
past tense, and the true participle is described later on (No. 12) (ix. i. 
36-39). Examples are,— 
^ kar , make. 
*nc par, read. 
&&aw, dig. 
^ ftar®, (it was) made, 
par®, (it was) read. 
khan ft , (it was) dug. 
This suffix is added to all transitive and impersonal verbs (i. e. y verbs 
of the first conjugation), and, as a verbal form, is used when the logical 
subject (in the case of the agent) is in the first or third person. 
It cannot be used when it is in the second person. Thus, kar u 
may mean, ‘ it was done by me,’ or * it was done by him,’ but cannot 
mean * it was done by you.’ So sk as®, it-was-laughed by me or by 
him. 
