206 G. A. Grierson — On Primary Suffixes in Kagmiri. [No. 3, 
Fern. PI. karahe kits a kdme, businesses (fem. pi.) 
to be done. 
These are all capable of declension. Thus,—(ace.) 
’SJWT-T paranas kitis posta/ca.s cliuh thawdn , he places a book 
for reading. 
The oblique base of the form in gn u is used to indicate a pur- 
pose (ix. i. 18). I note that in poetry the form ends in ^ ane, not 
in ani. Thus,— 
xpcf*r (or poetical parani (or poetical parane) gatslian 
chuh, he goes to read. ranani gauv , he went to cook. 
When the word samakh , meet, is used in this form, it means 
to pay a visit of condolence. Thus, samakhani gauv , he 
went to pay a visit of condolence Otherwise the ordinary dative of 
the verbal noun in un is used. Thus, ^ samakhana 
putslty rud u , he stopped to meet him (ix. i. 19). 
This verbal form is used to form Inceptive and Desiderative com¬ 
pounds. Thus,— 
Inceptive compounds, are made with the infinitive in gn u or 
and the verb f% hi, take (viii. i. 57). Thus, ^ ^ 
7 x 'J x Vj 
X ^ 
suh chuh Width lekhun u hyawan , he begins to write a letter ; 
«P^«T ^ karun hyawan chuh , he begins to d •. If the object is 
feminine, the feminine infinitive is used. Thus, ^T«TT«r 
suh chuh zandn a margil hyaivan, he begins to beat the woman. 
These forms are however, almost always used in the past tense. Thus, 
"flrpT karun liygtun, he began to read, (and is doing it now). 
ri|*T TjJrWrf tgm 1 chuh Width lekhun w hygt u mgt u , he has 
VJ VJ VJ VJ 
begun to write the letter. Literally, by him the letter to-be-written 
has been taken. So rtfiT «T*TT«r tarn 1 chheh zandn a 
mar an hebs^mgbs®, he has begun to beat the woman (ix. i. 41). 
Another way of forming inceptive compounds is to use the oblique 
form of the infinitive with the verb <?NT lag already mentioned. Thus,— 
^ J suh karani lgg w , he began to do. 
