1898.] G. A. Grierson— On Primary Suffixes in Kdqmiri. 211 
shake out dust; nahav , obliterate ; fw pil, arrive ; fqrc pliir, turn 
over (pages); irrsr maz, be intent upon; milav, unite; 
mutsar , open; 33 ; mur, shell (pease, &c.) ; lyav , lick; ^3 wuth , 
twist; wuh , be not extinguished; ad a r, mix; 4’<SR; khgnd a r , 
divide; §[23 $shot a r , make small; dftsnc zith a r , make long; jpnc tot a r, 
have insufficient means of livelihood ; xftaR; pith a r , blame and instruct; 
phut a r, break; isx bgd a r, make great; q{?n; bgg a r t divide ; *323 
mdt a r make thick ; wow a r, shave metal. 
Thus, kapalan (fern.) cutting. 
The verb gilav , whirl about, forms fJT^r«r gilan , which means 
‘ an attempt ’ (ix. ii. 36). 
The verb *rq nav, be new, forms ^ 3 ^ nov a ran , raking up an old 
story against a person (ix. ii. 38). 
The verb Idr, touch, forms ^TTT»T Idran , which means ‘ tremb¬ 
ling ’ (ix. ii. 40). 
Some people use this form with the roots rjsn: tgn a r y dilute; 
tgts a r , make hot; ^53 sygz a r , make straight (ix. ii. 39). 
24. rab. This is optionally used in the case of the root 
mas, to form a masculine verbal abstract noun (ix. ii. 5). Thus, 
masrab, forgetting. 
25. ^ ®, this is optionally used to form masculine verbal abstract 
nouns from the three following roots (ix. ii. 6). 
dodar, rot. dodgr*, rotting. 
zozar, wither. zozar*, withering. 
sosar , decay. sosgru , decaying. 
26. ^ * is used optionally to form feminine verbal abstract nouns 
in the case of the following verbs (viii. ii. 62, 63, 68 , 72, 79). 
tach , pare, tgch*, scratching (also 3 * tack ); ^ rack, 
protect, TW rgch i &, protection ; isliad, search, tsdd*, searching; 
A A 
^ 7 ^ isliad, search (with a nasal), makes either tshdd*, or wfs 
A " * ' 
t§had; wi*f chan, sift, chan *; don , card cotton, dun* ; ^pr 
*§\ * ,/K 
