212 
G. A. Grierson— On Primary Suffixes in Kaqmiri. [No. 6 , 
ihar , be quick, thdr*; babar , be quick, babar u ; sar, 
feel, (vide p. 210); hand a r , be cold } hand ?r*. 
27. a (masc.) ; used optionally to form masculine verbal abstract 
nouns in the case of the following verbs (ix. ii. 7). 
chbmb, husk; zos , cough ; tott bagar , fry in oil; beh, 
sit; lam, pull; Ids, be weary; wun, be unlucky. 
Thus, chomb a , the act of husking, and so on. 
28. 3T a (fern.) used optionally to form a feminine abstract verbal 
noun in the case of the verb g’jr wuyg, to howl like a dog, in a special 
meaning (ix. ii. 57). 
Thus, |[JT wurjg a , lying awake at night on account of some care. 
g’JT wurjg, means a dog’s howl. 
29. av. Used optionally in the case of the verb ^ lad, 
send, build, elevate, push, when it means ‘ build,’ to form a masculine 
abstract noun. ladav, also means, the wages of building (ix. ii. 8). 
30. ■ " ■ (masc.). Several verbs optionally drop all suffixes to 
form abstract nouns. In such cases roots ending in hard consonants 
aspirate them in the nominative singular and plural. These roots are 
classed according to their final letters. In the case of causal roots 
ending in av, the av is dropped. 
(a) * h, certain verbs in m k and ** kav, make optional verbal 
abstract nouns by changing the qf k or ^ kav to kh (ix. ii. 9). 
These verbs are,— 
chokav, wash. 
ishok, become speechless. 
zqi tak, bite in two with a noise. 
tuk, bore like a rat. 
vJ 
tokav, cause to disappear. 
thuk, bury. 
^ truk, cut to pieces, eat (vide p. 210). 
thak, be weary. 
pdkav, cook. 
phuk, blow up fire. 
brak , clench with the teeth. 
