1898.] G. A. Grierson— On Secondary Suffixes in Kdgmiri. 
225 
fgqr tshok, slyness. 
§>qf chok , a sore. 
W a cry. 
dokh, pain. 
SfTJT drag , a famine. 
quarrelsome (iv. 32), and from jat, Lair, sj^r jats a l, very hairy 
(iv. 33). 
7- lad, fern. lad. This suffix is sometimes used instead of 
al , but usually in a bad sense (iv. 20, 21). Thus,— 
phak, a stink. phakalad fern. phakalad stinking. 
tshokalad , sly. 
chokalad, full of sores. 
bakalad , prating. 
dokhalad , pained. 
dragalad , afflicted with 
. . / famine. 
This termination cannot be substituted for al in every case. 
For instance we cannot say gotshalad, dakhalad , or 
babalad. But with some words both al and lad can be 
used. Thus besides iqsrer genal , we can have genalad , wrink¬ 
led ; besides syasal , syasalad , warted ; and besides 
t 
tsasal, tsasilad (sic). When the word qro phag means eccen¬ 
tricity, it takes the termination thus phagalad, mad, 
eccentric. When it means brightness, it takes the termination 
thus qr3T^[ phagal. 
f \ ‘ 
8. yor u , fern. yar™. This suffix occurs in the following 
words. It is added as usual to the instrumental in the first two cases. 
In the last it is irregular (iv. 22, 23) :— 
paz 11 , truth. 
paz^yor^, 
apgz w , untruth. Vrfapfrs apaz i yor' u ', 
fern, pgz l ygv^, 
truthful, 
fern, apgz'ygr®, 
untruthful. 
mgnzyum u , 
manzyum v, yor u , 
a go between, 
a medium. 
The last word is really a compound substantive and its fern, is 
manzim^yaren . 
• <*\ 
J. i. 29 
