362 M. M. Chakravarti— Language and literature of Orissa. [No. 4, 
“ Bhagabana is the parama atm a (the Highest Being) ; Radhika is 
Jiva atmd (the Individual Being). [3]. The G-opis in the Radhika’s 
portion, are but so much life of Kysna. [4]. The Individual can be 
absorbed into the Highest (i.e. the Infinite) ; for others, this is impossible. 
[5]. Know that the Individual and the Infinite are one (in essence), 
and different only in enjoyment and union. [6], Just as a seed is 
bilobed; but really single and not double; [7], both halves forming 
one whole, and hence one body divided into two. [8]. He who 
can get into the body of the Gopis, can get absorbed into the body of 
Krsna. [9].” 
Upendra Bhanja. 
The fictional school begins with Upendra Bhanja. He is the most 
famous of Oriya poets. His time can be ascertained approximately. 
In his Rasalekha he wrote— 
ft?! ffT? Jispiftr WPT ftsfcT 
fNPdl in* alter i 
R. L. 22nd Chanda, 1. 17, p. 96. 
“ This poem was finished on the last date of the 27th Aijka of the 
Gajapati king Divyasimha.” Divyasimha began to rule in 1692-93, 1 
and his 27th Aqka or 21st year fell in 1713-4 A.D. The last date of 
the aqka (simha £ukla ekada^i) was 21 st August, 1714 A.D., a 
Tuesday. As Rasalekha appears to have been one of his later poems, 
Upendra Bhanja may be said to have flourished in the beginning of the 
18th century. 
He belonged to the royal family of Gumusara. Gumusara is a petty 
hill state forming the north-westernmost corner of the District Ganjam, 
Presidency Madras. The surname Bhanja was the patronymic title of 
the family. The author names his ancestors in Rasapancaka last page 
as follows 2 :— 
1 For a discussion of his reign see App. IY. “The later kings of Khorda.” 
2 'Cn; spot i sw %% ii ii 
mf*ri I II 
WTW <T«r*T I || || 
I faf^rT II 
’S’m, 7TTW W** I cTI^ || II 
rtT^T^ I $cTW II 
I ^fr? qfcfirs || || 
Rasapancaka, printed ed. pp. 89-90. 
