68 A History of the GaWhars. [No. 1, 
/ 
justice and liberality are the theme of many of Sa’di’s tales, and 
who with his Yazir Buzurjxnihr, is regarded by most Persian 
authors as a good Musalman. The Gakk’hars, moreover, state 
that they are descended from the Kaianian kings of Persia; 
that their ancestor, Sultdn Ked, son of Kai Gauhar, a Kaianian 
prince of Ispahan, invaded Tibet with a large army, and having 
conquered it, he and his descendants reigned in that coun¬ 
try. Now it is not improbable that this Sultan Ked is iden¬ 
tical with the Ked Raj of the Muhammadan Historians. Prin- 
sep gives the year 540 b. c. as the commencement of his reign. 
Firislitali* says that Ked Raj was the nephew (sister’s son) of 
Maliaraj of Amber, a contemporary of Gushtasp. On his death¬ 
bed Maharaj made Ked Raj his heir. Rustam Dista, the Persian 
governor of the ceded Indian provinces being dead, Ked Raj 
attacked and wrested from hi# descendants the Panjab. Having 
dwelt for some time at Bherah, which was a town of very great 
antiquity, he built the fortress of Jammu, in which he left as 
governor one of his own relations, named Durk, of the Gakk’har 
tribe, and this tribe has continued in possession of that place up to 
the present time. Subsequently the Gakk’hars and Chobia (Chibs), 
the most ancient zamindars of the Panjab, having contracted an 
alliance with the people of the plains, and of the hills between 
Kabul and Qandahar, marched against Ked Raj, who having been 
vanquished fled from the Panjab. Ked Raj reigned for 43 years. 
We likewise know from Herodotus that at this early period, viz. 
in the beginning of the 5th century before Christ, the Panjab 
formed a dependency of the Persian empire, the Indian satrapy 
contributing the largest share of revenue to the government of 
Darius, the son of Hystaspes, of the Kaianian dynasty; and that 
within this satrapy was situated the city of Kaspatyrus, from which 
place Skylax commenced his voyage to ascertain where the Indus 
met the ocean. Kaspatyrus is the Kaspeira of Ptolemy, or Kasyapa- 
pura of Abu Raihan, the ancient name of Multan, 
The Kaianians were succeeded by the Sassanians, and we 
have ample proofs from historical sources and from coins that the 
Panjab was at various periods governed, and no doubt colonized, 
* Eirishtab, page 16, vol. 1, Bombay Edition. 
