1871.] 
A History of the GaWliars. 
69 
by the Persian monarchs of the Sassanian race. According to 
Firishtah, whose statement has been verified by Numismatists, 
Bahrain Gor, or Yeranes Y., of Persia, visited India, and espoused 
the daughter of Yasu Deva, the king of Qanauj. It is not at all 
unlikely, therefore, that the Gakk’hars are right, and that they 
are a remnant of the ancient Persian stock ; for it is also related 
by the same author that so late as the 11th century after Christ, 
Ibrahim Gfhaznawi met with a town in the Panjab, called Dera, the 
inhabitants of which came originally from Khurasan, and were 
banished thither with their families by Afrasiab of the Peshdadi 
dynasty for frequent rebellions. Here they formed themselves in¬ 
to a small independent state, and being cut off from intercourse 
with their neighbours by a belt of mountains nearly impassable, 
had preserved their ancient customs and rites by not intermarrying 
with any other people.*' • 
After continuing in Tibet for tenf generations, the Grakk’hars 
under Sultan Kab, are said to have invaded Kashmir, and having 
defeated Manohar, the Yazir of the Pajah^of Kashmir, who was 
sent to oppose their advance, they took possession of half the 
country, and ruled in Kashmir for 16j; generations. This may or 
may not be true. Certainly the Baj Tarangini, which is a his¬ 
tory of Kashmir of the Hindu period, makes no mention of the 
conquest of Kashmir by the Gakk’hars. 
Be this, however, as it may, the Gakk’hars assert that they 
dwelt in Kashmir during sixteen generations, or until the reign of 
Zain Khan or Kabul Shah, who owing to an insurrection in his 
kingdom fled from Kashmir, and took service with Naciruddin 
Sabaktigin who was then reigning at Ghazni, and that Gakk’har 
Shah, the son of Kabul Shah, came to India with Mahmud of 
Ghazni, who conferred upon him the sovereignty of the Sind Sagar 
Diiab. This must have been in A. D. 1008, when we read of the 
Gakk’hars as idolators, and as important chiefs and staunch allies 
* Firishtah, page 83, vol. 1, Bombay Edition. 
t 1. Ked. 2. Tibbat. 3. Jannat. 4. Shajar. 5. Madarak. 6. Bahramand. 
7. Nazar. 8. Kalb. 9. Daulat. 10. Sultan. 
J 1. Kab. 2. Farrukh. 3. Amir. 4. Yazdad. 5. Khaira Khan. 6. Gauliar- 
ganj. 7. Nur Khan. 8. Murad. 9 Bakhtiar. 10. ’Alarm 11. Samand. 12. 
Marab. 13. Kustam. 14. Tilochan Shah. 15. Maddat Shah. 16. Jahan Shah. 
