116 
Notes on Chutid Nagpur, Packet, and Paldmau. [No. 2, 
to the emperor, and the jewellers who tested them, pronounced 
the best of them to be impure, and a flawed diamond they de¬ 
clared to be sound. The emperor therefore called for Durjan Sal, 
who was a great judge of diamonds. He pointed out the flaw 
( bdl , pr., hair), and to prove that he was right, he tied the diamonds 
to the ends of the horns of a ram, made the animal fight with 
another ram, when the diamond with the flaw split, and the 
bdl became apparent. The other diamond remained uninjured. 
The emperor was so pleased, that he pardoned Rajah Durjan Sal, 
released him, and restored all the property that had been taken 
from him. In parting with the emperor, Durjan Sal was permitted 
to make any request he pleased. Durjan on this clasping his hands 
as a suppliant begged that all the Rajahs who were imprisoned 
with him, might be released. This was acceded to, and the em¬ 
peror gave the Rajah permission to crave another boon. He beg¬ 
ged that his former rank might be restored him, including the right 
to sit on a chair in the presence of the emperor. This also was 
awarded.” 
“It was then settled that the Rajah of Kokrah should pay a 
tribute of 6000 rupees annually, and the title of Shah* was con¬ 
ferred on him.” 
# This is a myth ; for the title of Shah is a Muhammadan title, and no 
Muhammadan title, not even the title of Khan, was ever conferred on a Hindu. 
Besides, the title of Shah according to the Dihli ceremonial code was limited 
to princes. 
The kings of Dihli before Babar styled themselves Sultans, both before and 
after the downfall of the Khalifahs of Baghdad, who by the whole Muham¬ 
madan world were looked upon as * the fountain of all honours and titles.’ 
The princes had titles as KhanKhanan, Khan Jahan, Ulugh Khan, Ikit Khan, 
Barbak, &c. The Amirs had the title of Malik. With Babar the code was 
altered. He and his successors styled themselves Padishah, and the lower 
title of Sultan was given to the princes, whilst the sons of princes were styled 
Shahzddah. A few princes received for meritorious services the title of Shah, as 
Khurram and Muhammad Mu’azzam. The title of Sultan, in the masculine form, 
was also extended to princesses, the word Begum being placed after the name, 
as Sultan Nisar Begum. The daughters of princes had the title of Shahzddah 
Begum, or merely Begum. The principal queen, before theMughul rule, had the 
title of Malihah, and under the Mughuls that of Padishah begum. The Amirs 
under the Mughul rule received personal titles from the Emperors, the titles of 
KhanKhanan and Khan Jahan being looked upon as the two highest titles. It is 
erroneous to believe that KhanKhanan means Commander-in-chief. The word 
Nawab (properly Nmvwdb) was a title, or rather an epithet, used in common 
parlance; but there is no example on record that the Coui’t of Dihli—certainly 
not before Aurangzib and Bahadur Shah—ever conferred the word Nawab as a 
title. The title of Khan was most frequently conferred. The word Bahadur is 
