1871.] 
177 
The Rock-cut Excavations at Harchoha discovered by Capt. W. L. 
Samuells, when employed as Boundary Commissioner on the Rewah 
and Gliutid-Ndypur Frontier , Season 1870-71.— By Capt. W. L. 
Samuells, Assistant Commissioner, Pachumba, Chord line. 
(With plates VI and IX.) 
On tlie left bank of the Muwahi or Muwai river, which forms the 
northern boundary of the Chutia-Nagpur Tributary State of Chang- 
Bhokar, stands the small village of Harchoka.* About a quarter of 
a mile lower down the river and on the same side, a nallak forms its 
junction with the Muwahi in*an oblique direction so as to form an 
angle with it of about 34°. Within the tongue of land thus formed 
lies a bed of coarse-grained granite, the surface of which slopes 
down to the bed of the Muwahi, above which it rises in its highest 
part to about 9 or 10 feet. In this rock, at a distance of 37 yards 
from the point at which the nallah forms its junction with the 
river, are to be found the remains of a somewhat extensive excava¬ 
tion comprising courts, vestibules, chambers, and shrines. 
The following notes, with the aid of the plan accompanying this 
paper, will, I hope, be found sufficiently clear and explicit to convey 
a fair idea of the form and peculiarities of this interesting excava¬ 
tion. 
The darker coloured portions of the plan represent the solid rock 
which has been left standing to form the walls and other component 
parts of the temple. The lighter shade of colour represents those 
portions where the rock overhead has been left to form a roof; and 
the uncoloured portions those where the rock has been cut away, 
leaving them open to the sky. 
I shall hereafter particularise the several parts by references to 
the plan; but I may as well endeavour to give here a general 
idea of their arrangement and dimensions, and this will perhaps 
be gained best by following me in an imaginary walk through 
the excavations. 
On proceeding to the north side we descend 5% feet into the solid 
rock by a narrow flight of steps and find ourselves in an open 
* Long. 81° 45' 34", Lat. 23° 51' 31". 
23 
