200 
Translations from the Tarihh i FiruzshaM. 
[No. 3, 
Baghdad down to the princes of my family, the sons of Sultan 
Shams-uddin. Next let my sons have at their side old men of 
practice and experience, proficient in the science of history and 
the lives of notables, and let no mean-souled servile rascals he per¬ 
mitted to prowl round them. The science which such fellows devote 
themselves to, can he of no service to my sons. As to matters of 
prayers and fasting and ablution, and the like, they want no 
teaching. They have learnt thus much themselves.’ So my bro¬ 
ther and I studied the book of the courtesies of kings under 
Taj-uddin Bukhari, one of the court attendants of Shams-uddin, 
and repeated it from beginning to end before him, and when we 
had finished the book and repeated it before the Emperor, Shams- 
uddin presented Khwajah Taj-uddin, who was an old man and full of 
years, with two villages and a hundred thousand jetals. In the 
beginning of that book, it is stated that Jamshed, who was one of 
the most famous sovereigns of the earth, used often to say to his 
sons that no clan-leader ( sar-i-khail ) who had not ten horsemen, 
picked men and good, should have the title of a clan-leader, and 
no captain ( sipah-saldr ) who had not ten clan-leaders at his beck 
and wholly at his disposal, even to their wives and children,* 
deserved to be called a captain, nor should a commander ( amir ) 
who had not ten captains in his charge be called by that name, 
and if a governor (malik) had not ten commanders under him, it 
was mere absurdity to give him the title df governor, and a prince 
(khan) of a tribe wdio had not ten governors under him should be 
held to be no prince at all, nor was it meet to give the name of a 
ruler and a sovereign to a king ( padishah ) who had less than ten 
princes as his coadjutors and assistants. A king without resources 
like this is a mere landholder, a lord of wide lands. And an es¬ 
sential condition of kingship is, that all the clan-leaders and the 
lords should be men of sagacity and of good birth, and sons of 
distinguished men, not vile, and mean, of low origin and unmanly, 
nameless parvenus.| Having thus spoken, Jamshed went on to 
say, if a king is possessed of such aids and coadjutors, and such a 
multitude of retainers as I mentioned, the counsels of his govern- 
* I suspect the text of this passage jo to be corrupt. 
f Literally, without head or root. 
