1871.] 
The reign of Ghiasuddin Tughluq Shah. 
237 
% 
king, and all other things which have been written to be necessary 
for a ruler, God had in no wise withheld from Sultan Tughluq Shah. 
But he was clothed in courage and might, in understanding and 
wisdom, in justice and religion, being the Defender of the Faith¬ 
ful, and guardian of the obedient, and the scourge of the dis¬ 
obedient. Through his great experience also was the kingdom 
adorned. If men look to a king for order and the establishment 
of authority, which is the basis of all government, Sultan Tughluq 
Shah, even within the year of his accession, established authority 
more firmly than other kings have done, though with much shed¬ 
ding of blood and causeless violence. Again, if we look to a king 
for protection of the Faith, Ghiasuddin, throughout his reign, was 
indeed the Defender of the Faithful. Also he closed the door to 
the incursions of the Mughul: nor from fear of his sword, did the 
Mughul dare to cross the border of his kingdom, or advance 
beyond the river, or in any way molest a single Musalman. So 
great was the fear of his sword both on the unbeliever and on the 
rebel, that neither did the Mughul dare to cross his border, nor 
were the rebellious within his territories emboldened to lift up their 
heads. Further, if we look to a king for justice and wisdom in 
his ordinances, and the righteousness of his rule, because of 
the justice and the uprightness of Tughluq Shah, the wolf durst not 
seize upon the lamb, and the lion and the deer drank at one 
stream. Through his ordinances and his regulations, the 
dignity and the honour of his qazis and judges, and of such 
as declared law and administered justice, was greatly in¬ 
creased. If we look to a king for the care of his army, who are 
the protection of the Faith and the defenders of Islam, through 
the wisdom of Tughluq Shah, so soon as he ascended the throne, 
many thousands of horsemen were raised, and disciplined, and 
equipped, and over them were placed captains of experience, and 
such as were skilful in war. In his time the army was always 
paid in full, nor was a single coin kept back. If we look to a 
king for a care of the interests of the tillers of the soil, the 
name of Sultan Tughluq Shah has become a proverb throughout 
Hindustan and Khurasan in this matter. For the desire of 
his heart was to dig canals and to plant fine groves, and 
