32 
N. Dey —Kaluha Hill in the District of Hazaribagh . [No. 1, 
scenery. The western hill is the highest of all the hills that surround 
the valley; and the narrow path takes a winding course over the dizzy 
height of the steep rock amidst boulders which, from the entrance to 
the top of the hill, are marked with vermillion so that one may not lose 
his way. But the hill can be ascended by means of a dooli , as I did, 
if proper arrangement be made beforehand of men to take it up. 
As the top of the western hill is approached, figures of Buddha in 
the conventional form of meditation are seen sculptured here and there 
on the rock. Just on the top of the hill, at the termination of the path, 
there is a narrow doorway in good order, 4 cubits in length, situated in 
the centre of a wall of hewn stones, which connect on either side the 
high precipices which form the natural wall of the place. Thus it will 
be seen that if the door, as there was evidently one before in the door¬ 
way, be closed, it would shut out all ingress into the top of the hill, 
except by the entrance on the western side of the hill which I mentioned 
before. The eastern doorway leads to a level landing-place which was 
evidently the court-yard of some building now in ruins, and the build¬ 
ing is said to have been the residence of JEtaja Virata of the Mahabharata. 
There is no artificial wall on the northern side of this range, as the 
towering precipitous rocks on this side form the natural wall; but on the 
western side overlooking the Lilajan, there are vestiges of walls of similar 
hewn stones filling up the interstices between high rocks, thus forming a 
continuous line of wall. There is a similar doorway, as above described, 
five cubits in length in the wall on this side also ; and I have not the 
slightest doubt that formerly there was a flight of steps from this door¬ 
way leading down to the river Lilajan which laved the side of the hill 
before, though it has now receded a little further to the west. There 
are remains also of a similar stone wall on the southern side of this 
range. 
The enclosure thus formed is more than one-fourth of a mile in 
length from north to south, and about one thousand paces in breadth 
from east to west. I speak of the measurements by guess only. This 
enclosure is divided in the middle by a deep ravine which has got its 
declivity from the north to the south. Though the ravine is now dry, 
yet on the northern side, notwithstanding its declivity to the south, 
the water has scooped out for itself a hollow resting place forming a 
beautiful pond about 200 cubits in length, overgrown with lotus plants 
and other water-weeds. The temple of Kule 9 varl is situated on the 
hill on the western side of the ravine, and on the eastern side of the 
ravine there is a wide plateau running up to the eastern border of the 
Kaluha-pahar, rising in two tiers. This western hill and the plateau 
on the two sides of the ravine extend only to a short distance to the 
