41 
1901.] W. Theobald —Karsliapana Coinage. 
variation and without any reference to Elliot’s paper. In Elliot’s figures 
the upright object which I regard as a hammer (No. 299 of this paper) 
is represented as having on one side a broad oblong head, and a sharp 
adze-like cutting edge on the other, with a small bamboo handle passing 
through it, as is usual with Indian hammers to this day. This ‘ head ’ 
is altered in Thomas’ figures, and shows a curved outline which does 
not belong to it, as though to support its claim to be considered as a 
plough. It is true that at p. 61, Thomas places a note of interrogation 
after the word “ ploughs,” but the alteration made in Elliot’s figures is 
undoubted, especially as regards fig. 19. 
At p. 230, Elliot remarks “ The uppermost arch of the 1 Cliaitya ’ 
is often surmounted by a ball and crescent.” This, I am convinced, is 
a slip of the pen for “ a crescent ” only, as the “ ball and crescent ” or 
‘ Taurine ’ symbol is never, so far as I know, found imposed on the 
‘ Cliaitya,’ where the crescent is usually present. Again on p. 230, Elliot 
remarks “ The tree sacred to Buddha is seen on figs. 9, 13, 18 and 26.” 
The tree on fig. 9 is a sacred tree with a railing below, and may be 
intended for the sal ( ‘ Thiyali ’ of the Burmese, or the Shorea obtusa, 
Wall, which they hold sacred) beneath which Buddha was born. This 
symbol is No. 302 of this paper. The tree, however on figs. 13 and 
18 and probably on 26 is quite different and may represent the cocoa-nut 
palm, Symbol No. 301 of this paper. 
Passing now to the consideration of the Symbols on Punch-marked 
coins, Thomas in his Essay on Ancient Indian weights, in Numismata 
Orientalia, on p. 61, enumerates among the animals figured as symbols, 
“ Deer,” “ Rhinoceri,” and “ Panthers.” As regards the Rhinoceros 
- 
the evidence is very insufficient. The first figure on the sixth line (5 
bis), which is regarded by Thomas as a Rhinoceros, is repeated on page 
62 in more detail, and is there clearly seen to be intended for a bovine 
animal, as the outline of the die is notched, to correspond with the 
hump, as is always the case where a bovine occurs on these coins, and 
the only figure I have ever seen which might claim to represent a Rhi¬ 
noceros, was on a round copper coin of Ujain (?). The Rhinoceros, 
therefore, must be deleted from the list of animals represented on these 
coins. As regards the Bull too on these coins, it always seems to be 
made to face to the right, and the two figures in Num.-Orieut., Plate I, 
which face to the left, are in my opinion heads of elephants, drawn 
vertically, and whose tusks are thus converted into horns : 
In the same Plate there are four figures numbered 6, which at 
p. 61. Thomas describes" as “Panthers, &c.” Now of these four 
figures the first is probably a dog No. 25 of the present paper, and the 
remaining three figures are goats No. 19 of my list, and curiously 
