64 
W. Theobald —Copper Coins of Ancient India. 
[No. 2, 
On the symbols and devices met with on Copper Coins of Ancient 
India , both those cast in moulds and those struck with dies , from 
Taxila, Ujain , Eran , Benares and other contemporary Mints.—By 
W. Theobald, M.N.S., London. 
[Read December, 1889.] 
The unit of the most ancient copper currency in India, was the 
Pana of 144 grains with its divisions and multiples as below. (Coins 
of Ancient India, p. 59). 
NAMES, VALUE, AND WEIGHT OF THE COPPER COINS OF 
ANCIENT INDIA. 
Panas. 
Kakinis. 
Cowries. 
Grains. 
1 
4 O 
(a) 
• • • • • ( 
2 
4-5 
1 
2 O 
• ••Ml 
4 
90 
1 
8 
1 
2 
Kakini 
8 
18*0 
1 
4 
1 
5) 
16 
360 
1 
2 
2 
5 J 
32 
72 0 
3 
4 
(&) 
3 
D 
48 
1080 
1 
4 
)> 
64 
1440 
H 
5 
>> 
80 
180-0 
H 
6 
)) 
96 
216 0 
if 
7 
) j 
112 
252-0 
2 
8 
128 
288-0 
2* 
00 
10 
>> 
160 
3600 
(a) The two-cowrie piece was described by me in the Jour. As. 
Soc. Bengal for 1891. The three-quarter of a Pana piece (6) is not 
mentioned by Sir A. Cunningham, but I have a piece (3288) identical 
in type with fig. 9, PI. II, Coins of Ancient India, and which weighs 
104 grains, and must therefore be a three-quarters of a Pana. A large 
copper piece of Eran, (c) in the possession of Mr. Blackett weighs 347 
grains, which is sufficiently close to the theoretical weight of 360 grains 
to show that it represents two and a half Panas. This, the owner has 
kindly allowed me to describe. 
