49 
1901.] Section IV. — Pottery, Terracottas, Miscellaneous Objects. 
also Plate XIX, Xos. 68, 73, compare Xo. 74). The body is often shown 
covered with hair, indicated by incised dots or minute strokes (Xos. 33’ 
40, 41, also Plate XIX, Xos. 65, 66, 68, 73, 74, probably also Xos. 23, 
36, and Plate XIX, Xos. 60, 64), but quite as often perfectly hairless 
(Xos. 24, 25, 32, 37-39, 43, also Plate XIX, Xos. 51-59, 61-63, compare 
especially Xo. 66 with Xo. 67). A common musical instrument is the 
syrinx or Pan’s pipe, consisting of seven reeds, and being either of the 
usual form of an irregular (Xo. 24), or of a regular (Xo. 25) tetragon. 11 
A kind of harp is seen in Xo. 34 of Plate XIX, a lute, ibidem , Xos. 55 
and 70, a pair of cymbals, ibid., Xo. 60, a small Indian drum, ibid., 
Xo. 61, another kind of small drum, ibid., Xo. 54, a kind of wind in¬ 
strument, ibid., Xo. 58. 12 In Plate XIX, Xo. 56 a monkey is represented 
hallooing through his hands, and ibidem, Xos. 52, 53, 57 whistling with 
his fingers (unless the act of eating is intended). All this is very 
suggestive of the earlier and coarser forms of the Greek Satyr and Pan, 
with his hairy coat, in ithiphallic condition, playing on the syrinx. 13 
The aspect and habits of the monkeys readily lent them to such repre¬ 
sentations. It may be noted, also, that in the Atharva Veda the 
musical Gandharvas sometimes appear in the form of monkeys, and 
thus they are clearly related to the Greek Satyrs and Pans. 14 In 
Xos. 4-6 of Plate IX, probably performing Gandharvas are represented. 
In Dr. Sven Hedin’s collection there is the fragment of a neck of a jar, 
which shows a whole circle of Gandharvas performing on drums, harps, 
syrinxes, etc. Xotewortliy is the existence of the syrinx on artware 
of Eastern Turkestan. That instrument has never, so far as I am 
aware, been observed in Indian art. In Xos. 20 and 26-28 we have 
the two-humped Bactrian camel which is also seen in Xos. 15, 27, 28 
of Plate XIX. The one-humped species is never represented (but sec 
below on Plate XIII, Xo. 27). In Xos. 29 and 30 we have a horse 
saddled and mounted. Xo. 31 shows a leopard. 
11 Both kinds arc frequently seen on Greek vases in connection with Pan; thus 
the regular on Nos. 2900, 3164, 3239, 3240, 3243, 3258, the irregular on No. 4137 
in Professor Furtwiingler’s Besclireibung der Vasen Sammlung in Aquarium (pp. 804, 
874, 895, 896, 900, 912, 1042). 
12 With No. 58 compare No. 1316 in Professor Furtwangler’s Besclireibung , 
representing “ an ape, with the left hand raised to the head, with the right holding 
to the mouth a long, sausage-like object and eating it.” 
13 For representations of ithiphallic satyrs, see the old Macedonian coins (of 
the 5th cent. B.C.) in the British Museum Catalogue, pp. 77, 79, 216. With the satyr 
vcrctrum tenens on pp. 78, 80, compare Nos. 34, 35 of our Plate. For a human figure 
in the same posture, see above, footnote 5. 
4 4 See Professor von Schroeder in Ncue Entdcclcungen Buddhistishcr Alterthumer 
in Ost-Tur/cestan (Wiener Zeitung, 2nd and 3rd March, 1900), 
J. i. 7 
