22 
liABARTII GRAMMAR. 
If the object of the sentence is a living being (which is generally the 
case in a sentence with to have, receive, need, etc.), then it exercises 
over the possessive pronoun the same influence as formerly did the subject 
of the sentence ; the possessive pronoun, therefore, must be expressed 
by rangngi , if it agrees with this object. Example : mi dela rangngi 
gonces logste thob, the man has got his coat again. 
In all cases rangngi may be replaced by the respective personal pro¬ 
noun, which is a compound with rang (after being put in the genitive). 
Then the subject of the sentence is generally omitted. Example : nga - 
rangngi ama shralrgos , I must feed my mother ; instead of ngas ngarang• 
ngi ama shralrgos . 
Reflexive pronouns.-— 1 The use of rang and its compounds has been 
described under possessive pronouns. When used emphatically, rang 
alone is never used, but always compounds with rang. Example : zampa 
khorang zhigthsar, the bridge itself was destroyed. 
In the case of the same person being the subject and object of an 
action, the reflexive pronoun is paraphrased, Example : khos rangngi 
zugspola rdungs , he beat himself. 
There exists also a reduplicated form rangrang. It is used (but not 
necessarily) with the plural for expressing ‘ each his own.’ Example: 
khot hsangmas rangrangngi khangpala zabthrod tangs, they all decorated 
each his own house. 
Use of rere rangrang may still be re-inforced by adding rere , each. 
Example : kho thsangmas mi rere rangrangngi khangpala zabthrod tangs , 
they all decorated each his own house. 
If re stands in simple form (not reduplicated), it means ‘ one * or 
* some/ Example: lo rela churud cig yongdug , in some years a flood 
comes, 
Sometimes re is to be met with three times in a single sentence, with 
the verbs to have, to receive. In the first case reduplicated with the 
possessor, then single with the object of possession. Example : mi rerela 
jau re thob , every man received a jau (a coin). 
The reduplicated rere with the possessor may be dropped, and the 
remaining single re with the object means ‘ about one each.’ Example : 
mikunla jau re thob , they received about each one jau (not quite certain, if 
really all received it). 
Reciprocal pronoun.— The English ‘ each other ’ or 1 one another ’ is 
rendered by ‘one — one.’ Example *. ciggis cig sad, one killed one, they 
killed one another. 
