THE SENTENCE. 
45 
logste yongcessi phila (or yongcesla ) khola bodpin, that he might come 
hack, I called him. 
12. To express ‘by means of,’ rgonas, khanas,' and dang ( nyampo ) 
are used with the infinitive. Example: zhag dang nyungngun zhig Jilab- 
cessi khanas ngala blobs mangpo thobsong , by (means of) learning a 
little every day, I made much progress. 
13. To express ‘ so much the more, so much the less/ mangnga is 
used. Example : dagsa stonla khyagsna, stingla gunla mangnga khyagsin, 
if you feel the cold now in autumn, so much the more you will feel it in 
winter'; dagsa ma thobna, stingla mangnga mi thobin , if you do not get it 
now, so much the less you will get it afterwards. 
Note. —The preceding pages will have shown plainly that in very many cases 
postpositions are used instead of conjunctions, and that the subordinate sentence 
becomes part of the principal sentence. 
THE SENTENCE. 
Arrangement of words. —The verb invariably concludes the sentence. 
There is no strict rule as regards the arrangement of the other words in a 
sentence, but the general arrangement is the following: (1) adverb or 
adverbial phrase of time and place, (2) subject, (3) object, (4) verb. 
Example : diring ngas ige zhig driin, to-day I shall write a letter. 
The order of the words belonging to a substantive, is this; (1) the 
genitive, (2) the governing substantive, (3) the adjective unless it is put 
in the genitive before, (4) the demonstrative pronoun, di or de, (5) the 
numeral, (6) the indefinite article. Example : ngai bomo chungngun di, 
this my little daughter; rasmarpo zhig , a red linen ; yul chenmo sum, 
three large villages. 
The interrogative sentence. —An a must always be added to the verb at 
the end of the sentence, if the sentence has no direct interrogative word 
such as ‘what, how, who, where/ etc. Examples: khyorang yonginna, 
will you come ? su yongdug, who comes ? 
The indirect question, introduced by ‘ if ’ or ‘ whether/ must be turned 
into a direct question, and to express the doubt, the verb is given both in 
the negative and the affirmative. Example : hhola khyorang yongnginna 
mi yong, drispin, I asked him whether he would come. 
In indirect speech, including wishing, thinking, the speech is generally 
turned into direct speech. Example : khyorang diring yongin, sam, I 
thought you would come to-day. 
d 2 
