12 
L. A. Waddell —Discovery of Buddhist Remains 
[No. 1. 
noted by Hinen Tsiang as existing on tlie bill. Bat immediately follow¬ 
ing the pilgrim’s description of the hill is the paragraph : “To the west 
of this are six or seven hot springs. The water is exceedingly hot. 
To the south the country (I-lan-no) is bounded by great mountain 
forests in which are many wild elephants of great size. Leaving this 
kingdom, &c.” 
General Cunningham considers this note regarding the hot springs 
as being related to the description of Buddha’s hermitage on the hill. 
But that it is so related, is open to doubt in view of the fact that (a) 
Hiuen Tsiang, as Beale remarks,* was evidently writing from the capital 
of I-lan-no-po-fo-to, not having himself visited this hill, and ( b ) the pre¬ 
ceding paragraph seemingly disposes of this hill with the words, “ For- 
“ merly when Buddha subdued the Yaksha, he commanded him not to 
“ kill men nor eat their flesh. Having respectfully received the law of 
“ Buddha, he was born in heaven,” and the succeeding paragraph would 
seem to refer to the country of I-lan-no and not to this hill. 
This paragraph therefore, regarding the direction of the hot springs, 
may equally well be taken as indicating their direction from the capital 
instead of from the hill. West from the capital of ‘ I-lan-no po-fo-to 
which, as before noted, Vivien de Saint Martin, Fergusson and Cunning¬ 
ham are agreed was situated at or near the present town of Mungir, 
are two groups of hot springs the water of which “ is exceedingly hot,” 
viz., the hot springs of Janamkund, distant about 20 milest to the south 
west, and the hot springs of Bliimband, distant about 25 miles to the 
S. S. W. and mentioned by General Cunningham. Dr. Buchanan visited 
these springs about the year 1810 and found the temperature of the 
waters to be in both cases 150° Fah.J. And a more modern observation 
records the temperature as being 145°F. and 146Y°F. respectively.§ 
But even were the reference to the hot springs taken as an essential 
part of the description of the hermitage hill, then hot springs are still 
to be found not far off from Uren, and in a direction not altogether out 
of keeping with the pilgrim’s description. The hot springs of Singhi 
Rikh are about three miles due south from Uren, and the hot springs of 
Janamkund are about twelve miles south-east from Uren; but, as a 
range of hills intervenes, the road leading from Uren to both of the 
above springs proceeds south-west for about four miles so as to get 
round the shoulder of this range of hills. So that on enquiring from 
certain villagers, at Uren, the way to the hot springs of Singhi Rikh 
* Op. cit., ii, foot-note, No. 11, p. 190. 
t The pilgrim does not specify any distance for the springs. 
J Eastern India, II, p. 198. 
§ L. A. Waddell, J. A. S. B. Vol. LIX, II, p. 226. 
