1892.1 M. M. Chakravarti —Troy weights of ancient Orissa. 
45 
fore, equal to 7 grains. All old fanams approach this weight closely, 
varying from 6 to 7'5.* * * § A marha, which is ten times a chinam, would, 
therefore, be 70 grains iu standard weight. Several old coins have been 
found approaching this weight. Sir W. Elliot mentions one coin of S. 
India weighing 66'9 grains.f Mr. Fleet has described six coins of 
E. Ohalukya kings varying from 65 9 to 66‘8.£ In another essay I hope 
to show that Chorganga, the founder of the Gangavamsa dynasty of 
Orissa, is connected with the E. Ohalukya and Chola dynasties of the 
11th century A, D. The coins, described by Mr. Fleet, would seem to 
be the marlias of the Madala Panji. The difference of 4 to 5 grains is 
due partly to wear and tear, but chiefly to the fact that fanams, which 
formed the unit of measurement, were generally in actual weight 6‘5 to 
6‘75 grains. 
That a coin approaching to 70 grains in wt., was in use in S. India 
is apparent from the cotemporaneous Muhammadan records. ’Alauddin 
Muhammad Shall was the first to invade the Deccan, and according to Mir 
Khusru, he contemplated the introduction of a new coin of 140 grains, 
a weight exactly double the standard weight of a marha § His successor 
Muhammad bin Tughlaq, who transferred the capital from Delhi to 
Daulatabad (Deogir) in the Deccan, actually issued a silver coin of a 
standard weight of 140 grains. || Then again I find that ’Alauddin 
before his installation distributed “ 5 mans of star gold ” daily, and 
bribed some of the Maliks and Amirs to the extent of 50 mans of gold 
each.^[ Ferista mentions that Malik Kafur’s plunder amounted to 96,000 
mans of gold.* These mans are evidently misspelt for marlias, for 96,000 
mans of gold is an amount too preposterously enormous for such a 
rare metal as gold. 
So far as I see, therefore, the proportions were as follows :— 
175 grains = 1 rati 
7 ,, = 4 ,, = 1 fanam or chinam 
70 ,, = 40 ,, = 10 ,, = 1 marha (? varaha) 
560 ,, = 320 ,, = 80 ,, = 8 ,, 1 pala. 
In course of time, the Gangavamsa dynasty was superseded by the 
* See the list given by Sir W. Elliot in Thomas’ Chronicles , p. 170, note 1. 
f See his remark in Thomas’ Chronicles, note 2 to page 223. 
J Indian Antiquary, Yol. XIX, 1890, page 70 et seq. 
§ Tarikh ’Alai of Mir IDiusrd, quoted in Thomas’ Chronicles, pp. 158-9 note 1, 
and p. 247, note 1. 
|| Coins 180, 181 and 182 of silver, pp. 213 and 214 ; half coin of brass No. 199, 
p. 250 of Thomas’ Chronicles. Also Eiruz Shah’s coins, Nos. 228 to 233, pp. 275-6. 
Thomas’ Chronicles, page 157 and note 1. 
|| Brigg’s translation, I, 374. 
