1892.] 
H. G. Raverty —Some Muhammadan Coins. 
101 
dynasty, blit of the Ghalzi dynasty, being coins of the two Ghalzi Saltans, 
Mahmud and Ashraf. Neither can coins of Nadir Kuli Beg, the 
Asharf Turk-man, and his sons, be styled of the Safawi dynasty, any 
more than those of Karim Khan, the Zand, who, during the struggle for 
power, after the fall of Nadir Shah, ruled over southern Persia, nor 
those of his rival, and subsequent true friend and adherent, the Afghan, 
A'zad Khan, nor coins of the Kachar Turk-mans, who finally obtained 
the power, and who still retain it, # and, therefore, Nos. 212, 213, 
and 214 are not those of the Safawi dynasty, but of the Afshars and 
Zand dynasties. 
The coins Nos. 225, 229, 230 and 231, classed under “ Afghanistan ” 
along*with those of Durrani sovereigns, but undetermined, cannot possi¬ 
bly be styled correctly as belonging to Af gh anistan, nor to an Afghan 
dynasty. Hirat was the capital of Khurasan; and in 919 EL (1513 A. D.), 
the period mentioned thereon, there was no Af gh an State, nor for some 
two centuries after that period. What Afghanistan means will be found 
in my “ Notes ” thereon, page 453. In the year in question, 919 II., 
Shall Isma’il, theSafawi, was in possession of Hirat and Khurasan. 
He had, after the overthrow of Shaibani Khan, the l/zbak Sultan, 
near Marw, in 916 H. (1510-11 A. D.), annexed Hirat and Khurasan 
to his dominions. In 918 H. (1512-13 A. D.), while Zaliir ud-Din, 
Muhammad Babar Mirza, afterwards the founder of the Mughal dynasty 
in India, was fighting against the U'zbaks, and had been defeated by 
them, the Kazil-bash troops, under the Safawi leader, known as the Najrn- 
i-Sani,f at Babar’s urgent call, again advanced into Mawara-un-Nahr 
to his aid; but they were overthrown and put to flight by the Uzbaks, 
and the Safawi general killed, on the 7th Ramazan, 918 H. On this 
the U'zbaks at once entered Khurasan again, and Muhammad Timur 
Khan. Shaibani’s son, ruler of Samr-kand, assumed the sovereignty 
over Hirat and its dependencies ; while his brother’s son, Abd-ullak 
Khan, who held the Bukhara territory, seized upon the Mashhad-i- 
Rizawi and other parts of Khurasan. On this, Shah Isma’il, Safawi, 
* When the present Shah, who is a Kachar Turk-man, visited England lately, 
one of the London newspapers of some repute assured its readers, that he was 
descended from the ancient fire-workshiping kings of the Medes and Persians, if 
not a direct descendant from Jamshed or Noshirwan the Just ! 
f I notice in several places in recent numbers of the “Journal” and “Pro¬ 
ceedings,” that ’ Aziz-ud-Din, Muhammad, the Second ’Alam-gir, Badshah of tho 
Dihli empire, who ruled in the stormy period between 1754 and 1759, has been 
turned into “ Zan f.” Although not a very bright genius, and very unfortunate, he 
was not an idiot: he was quite compos mentis. The word of his title after ’Alam- 
gir is the ’Arabic word sdni —’Alam-gir i-Sani, not “ Zani,” and of course signifies 
‘ second’—“The Second ’Alam-gir.” See “Proceedings” for 1890, page 180, 
N 
