110 C. R. Wilson— Topography of the Tlugli in the 1 6th century. [No. 2, 
scripnao do Remo de Bengalla. The map suggests two or three topogra¬ 
phical questions which it will be well to keep distinct as far as possi¬ 
ble. (1) What is the meaning of the map as it stands ? (2) How far 
is it the original work of De Barros ? (3) How far can it be trusted as 
accurate ? I shall try to deal with these questions so far as they are 
concerned with the course of the river from Hugli to the sea. 
I. The map does not contain the name “Hugli ” at all. The 
river is called the Ganges ; and, instead of the town Hugli, we have 
Satgaon standing on the Sarasvati, close to the junction of that river 
with the Ganges and the Jamuna. Below Satgaon come Agarpara, 
Xore (which Bloclimann identifies as Dakhinshor), and Baranagar. 
Then comes the town of Betor. It is here that I take up the question 
of the interpretation of the map. Bloclimann* says : “ Belor has not 
yet been identified, unless it is intended for the insignificant village 
of Belur, opposite to Chitpur, with which it agrees in position.” It 
appears that Bloclimann read Belor instead of Betor, although the t 
is quite clear in the map : hence perhaps the difficulty, for Betor is men¬ 
tioned several times by writers in the 16th century, and was certainly not 
an insignificant village. The Bengali poets, Mukundarama Chakravarti 
and Madhava Acharya, each wrote a Lay of Chandi, and they both speak 
of Betor f It was a sanctuary of the goddess Chandi, and also a good 
riverside market to stop at to buy provisions. Caesar Frederick thus de¬ 
scribes the place. “ A good tide’s rowing before you come to Satagan 
you shall have a place which is called Buttor, and from thence upwards 
the ships do not go because that upwards the river is very shallow, and 
* Geographical and Historical Notes on the Burdwan and Presidency Divisions, 
at the end of Hunteds Statistical Account of the 24 Varyands. 
f For instance in the ordinary printed editions of the Chandi Mahgal we read:— 
srcro rift *rr I 
II 
f^rr n 
tinx i 
?TT*jwrr rw d 
Similarly Madhava Acharya says :— 
* syifarei my *TT^ry i 
