116 C. R. Wilson —Topography of the Hugli in the 1 6th century. [No. 2, 
I regard the map as fairly accurate for the course of the river from Betor 
to the sea. Mr. Blochmann doubted the very existence of Pacuculij, 
Pisacoly, and Pisolta ; but I have found Pichuldoho in the very place 
indicated by De Barros and have also been able to account for Pacucu¬ 
lij and Pisacoly. Nor is there any reason to distrust the way in which 
the map arranges the tributary streams. Colonel Gastrell* has argued 
that the principal outfall of the Damodar, even as late as 1745, was the 
Jan Perdo river, which he identifies with the Kana Damodar, one mile 
north of Ulubaria, but which Sir Henry Yule identifies with the present 
Ulubaria Khal; and this conjecture is in complete harmony with De 
Barros’ map, for it represents the Damodar as entering the Ganges 
(Hugli) by 3 outfalls at a point somewhere about Ulubaria. I am not 
quite so sure about the accuracy of the map as regards the outfall of the 
river Ganga or Rupnarayan. To-day the Hugli on meeting the Rup¬ 
narayan is deflected sharply to the east, and after describing a large 
semicircle returns once again to its former longitude and flows due south 
past Sagar. In De Barros’ map there is no such semicircular deflec¬ 
tion, the river empties itself directly into the sea. Instead of the 
tract of land which now extends between the mouths of the Rupnarayan 
and the Haldi and forms the police circle by Sutahata in the Tamluk 
subdivision, we have a small delta enclosed between the two arms of the 
Ganga. If this be accepted as a true picture of the state of things in 
the 16tli century, w’e must suppose that the eastern portion of Tamluk 
(i. e., the police circle of Sutahata) has been thrown up since then by 
the deposits of the Rupnarayan, and that hence has been formed the 
Diamond Harbour, the Diamond Sand being merely the last and least 
result of this very process. 
Having thus reached the Diamond Sand, I am tempted to add one 
more remark, by way of conclusion, which has to do with the topography 
of the 17th and not the 16th century. Sir Henry Yule says that “ the sand 
probably got its name from some ship,” and notes that “ a ship in the 
company’s employ called the Dyamond is pretty often mentioned circa. 
1620-1640.” I have found some more definite evidence on this point. 
From a journal kept by Job Charnock and his Council, during the time 
when the English were quarrelling with the Nawab of Bengal, we learn 
that in 1688 Captain Herron’s ship was called the Diamond. Under the 
date 14th November 1688 the diary notes:—“ In the evening anchored 
at Sumbereroe treesf, where Captain Walthrop came on board of us to 
know when we intended to go over the Braces ; which was resolved of, 
* Hunter’s Statistical Account of Bengal , Vol. Ill, pp. 258-261. 
f Kitesal. 
