1892.] 
L. A. Waddell —Buddhist Pictorial Wheel of Life. 
143 
3 . 
4. 
5. 
6 . 
with Indra (Jupiter) as chief. This heaven is the Svarga of 
Brahmanism. 
Yama. 
Tushita. (Tib. dG a Zdan) or ‘ Joyful place ’—the paradise of the 
Bodliisattvas prior to their final descent to the human world 
as Buddhas. Maitreya, the coming Buddha dwells at present 
in this heaven. 
Nirmdnarati (Tib. /iphrul dg a). 
Paranirmita Vasavartin (Tib. r/zhan Tiphrul dbang byed)—the 
highest of the heavens of the Gods and the abode of Mara. 
The Eighteen Brahmalokas are 1. Brahma parisadya, 2. Brahma 
purohita, 3. Maha Brahma, 4. Paratabha, 5. Apramana, 6 . Abhasvara, 
7. Paritasubha, 8 . Appramanasubha, 9. Subhakritsna, 10. Utpala, 
11. Asanasatya, 12. Avrilia, 13. Atapa, 14. Sudasa, 15. Sudasi, 16. Pu- 
nyaprasava, 17. Anabhraka, 18. Akanishtha (Tib. Og-min) or ‘ The 
Highest’—the abode of the Primordial Baddha-God, the Adi Buddha of 
the Lamas, viz., Samantabhadra or Kuntu-zangpo. This together with 
next subjacent Brahmaloka placed above the Arupa Brahmalokas. 
The Four Arupa Brahmalokas are 1. Akasanantayatana, 2. Vi- 
jiianantayatana, 3. Akinchanayatana, 4. Naivasanjnana Sanjnayatana. 
In the Pictorial Wheel however only three heavens are depicted, 
viz.: the sensual heaven of Indra, the Trayastrinsa ( = 33), with its 
desire in various forms ; above which is Brahma’s pure heaven free from 
passion, and approaching nearer to Nirvana. But according to the 
Nyingmapa Lamaic scheme the passionate war-god of the Tibetans is 
held to be superior even to the divinely meditative state of the 
Brahmaloka. 
3. War with the Asuras. The Tibetan war-god is also figured as 
directing the army of the gods in their war with the Lhama-yin or 
Asuras who are constantly trying to obtain some of the precious fruit 
of the great Yong du sa tol* (Skt. Pdrijdta ) tree, or “ tree of the con¬ 
centrated essence of earth’s products,” whose branches are in heaven, 
but whose root trunk are in the country of the Lhama-yin. The climber 
which encircles this tree is called the Jambuti tree, and is the medium 
by which the quintessence of the most rare delicacies of Jambudvipa is 
instilled into the larger tree. 
To account for this high position thus given to the War-god, it is 
related that formerly in fighting for the fruits 
of this tree the Asuras were victorious ; and 
the defeated gods under. Indra besought <7 Sang 
The story 
War-god. 
of the 
* WN'QVWgOJ l 
